Becker Group conflict theory focuses only on those situations in which criminal behavior is a result of conflicting group interests, which includes all of the following types of crime, EXCEPT: crimes arising from robbery
Group conflict theory focuses only on those situations in which criminal behavior is a result of conflicting group interests, which includes all of the following types of crime, EXCEPT: crimes arising from robbery The philosophy and teachings of Karl Marx influenced the development of ______________.
The power-control theory attempted to explain gender difference in delinquency rates by including ____________. socioeconomic status Developmental theories suggest the earlier stages of life are likely the most important in determining whether an individual will engage or not engage in criminal activity throughout life. true
The general theory of crime assumes that self-control must be established by age 13. false Studies have shown a link between childhood exposure to domestic violence and violent offending at older ages. This is called: cycle of violence
Equity TheoryEquity Theory deals with social relationships and fairness/unfairness, it is also known as The Social Comparisons Theory or Inequity Theory (Gogia, 2010). Equity Theory of motivation, developed in the early 1960's by J.
Adams' Equity Theory calls for a fair balance to be struck between an employee's "inputs" (hard work, skill level, acceptance, enthusiasm, and so on) and their "outputs" (salary, benefits, intangibles such as recognition, and more).
The equity theory of motivation is the idea that what an individual receives for their work has a direct effect on their motivation. When applied to the workplace, it means an individual will generally aim to create a balance between what they give to the organization compared to what they get in return.
Expectancy theory holds that individuals seek to maximize their positive outcomes. In contrast, Equity theory posits that individuals seek to find balance between their inputs and outcomes.
Vroom suggests that an employee's beliefs about Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence interact psychologically to create a motivational force such that the employee acts in ways that bring pleasure and avoid pain.
Taylor believed that all workers were motivated by money, so he promoted the idea of "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work." In other words, if a worker didn't achieve enough in a day, he didn't deserve to be paid as much as another worker who was highly productive.
Intrinsic motivation is defined as the doing of an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence. When intrinsically motivated, a person is moved to act for the fun or challenge entailed rather than because of external products, pressures, or rewards.
McClelland's Human Motivation Theory states that every person has one of three main driving motivators: the needs for achievement, affiliation, or power. These motivators are not inherent; we develop them through our culture and life experiences. Achievers like to solve problems and achieve goals.
According to Adam's Equity Theory of motivation, employees who identify a situation of inequality between them and their peers will feel demotivated and distressed. For example, if an employee knows that their colleague is getting a higher salary than them for the same amount of work, this might create dissatisfaction.
Maslow's theory is descriptive, whereas the theory propounded by Herzberg is simple and prescriptive. The basis of Maslow's theory is human needs and their satisfaction. On the other hand, the Herzberg's theory relies on reward and recognition.
Process theories of motivation try to explain why behaviors are initiated. These theories focus on the mechanism by which we choose a target, and the effort that we exert to “hit” the target. There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy.
Essentially, Adams' Equity Theory states that people are motivated to put in a fair amount of work based on two factors: Their pay (which must be equitable in the first place) Their perception of how well they are paid compared with others.
Generally, criminologists have incorporated Marxist ideology in three (3) ways. Choose the answer below that is NOT one of the three (3) ways Marxist ideology is incorporated. laws are made by the proletariat and followed by the bourgeoisie.
Some feminists have argued that the life-course perspective has provided researchers with a greater understanding of how a woman's offending is influenced by the social conditions of her life, as well as by her being a woman in a patriarchal society. false. The Declaration of Sentiments stressed the need for reforms in all of the following, EXCEPT:
true. Retributive justice refers to the repairs of justice through a one-sided approach of imposing punishment. true.