The idea that we organize experience according to several basic perceptual laws for the purpose of creating balance, simplicity, unity, or what photojournalist Henri Cartier-Bresson called "geometry," is known in Gestalt theory as prägnanz.
When looking at a visual image that features strong figure-ground components, our brains instinctively attempt to read the "ground" as the dominant aspect.
According to Peirce's Theory of Signs, signs that have a logical, common-sense connection to the thing or idea they represent, rather than a direct resemblance, are called icons.
Because of their cultural specificity, symbols are naturally recognized and understood; they do not need to be taught.
The formal aspects of a visual message are the most significant contributor to the narrative.
Applying Gestalt theories to visual messages in the media is always a conscious, intentional act.