which of these are good elements of seismic engineering? course hero

What is seismic engineering?

Seismic engineering is a branch of engineering that searches for ways to make structures, such as buildings and bridges, resistant to earthquake damage. Seismic engineers aim to develop building techniques that will prevent any damage in a minor quake and avoid serious damage or collapse in a major shake.

What is ductile in earthquakes?

ductile: Able to change shape without breaking. base isolation: Seismic engineering technique in which a building is built away (isolated) from the ground, resting on flexible bearings or pads. This is to limit damage during an earthquake.

What was the effect of the 1990 Kobe earthquake on the building?

Research on building performance during large magnitude earthquakes in the 1990s, including the Kobe earthquake, showed that buildings in close proximity to active faults were likely to exceed their maximum allowable displacements with base isolation alone. This led to the retrofit of the William Clayton building with seismic dampers during enlargement of the building, and 40% of the base isolators were also replaced to accommodate the larger building. The moat was also enlarged from 150 mm to 400 mm.

What is the term for a building that is built away from the ground?

When a building is built away (isolated) from the ground, resting on flexible bearings or pads known as base isolators, it will only move a little or not at all during an earthquake. The William Clayton building in Wellington is one of the original base-isolated structures.

When did Wellington get shaken?

Just 2 weeks after staff began to move back into the building in 2016, Wellington was strongly shaken by the Kaikōura earthquake. The building performed well and became a refuge for workers displaced from other buildings at that time.

Is an earthquake stronger than a building?

It is tempting to create buildings that are rigid and strong, but one day, an earthquake will come along that is stronger than the building, and it will break. A ‘smarter’ approach is to allow the building to deform. 1.

Do seismic dampers work?

No. Seismic dampers are a method for dissipating the energy of an earthquake. Dampers are incorporated at beam-column joins. They are made of materials that disperse an earthquake’s energy, reducing the chance of breakage.

The reflection seismic methods in the search for oil and gas for non-geophysicists

In modern exploration for oil and gas, 3D seismic is a key to a successful program, especially in marine and frontier areas. The reflection seismic method is the proven necessary technology in order to map and delineate targets to reduce the exploration drilling risks.

Course outcome

General idea of the roll of reflection seismic method in search for oil and gas

Who should attend?

Anyone who is keen to learn about the seismic reflection method and its applications in the search for oil and gas

Basic petroleum geology and the petroleum system

Where hydrocarbons come from and how they accumulate Requirements for the formation of hydrocarbons Reservoir Properties Reservoir types and Terminology

Basic geophysics

Principles of seismic wave generation and propagation Wave Phenomenon Seismic Wave Propagation Seismic Reflections Profiling Seismic data acquisition – land and marine Equipment and techniques used to gather seismic reflection data Sources, Sensors Recording Systems Layout, Positioning Special Issues

Seismic data processing and imaging work flows

Introduction & overview The objectives of seismic data processing Basic processing concepts: Transforms and domains, Fourier analysis, correlation and convolultion Elements of a processing sequence Pre-stack processing sequence Statics, deconvolution, velocity analysis, NMO, de multiples, Stacking, migration, filter, display Post-stack processing sequence and enhancement.

Final products and interpretation

Seismic sections or volumes for interpretation Seismic to well tying (Well logs definition) Special topics and case studies Seismic attributes and quantitative seismology (AVO and Inversion) Recent advances in the seismic industry (Broadband seismic data, seismic guided drilling (SGD), 4D Seismic, etc.)