· The four most common types of depression are major depression, persistent depressive disorder (formerly known as dysthymia), bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder. Major depression .
ANS: D. The nurse should classify a gloomy and pessimistic outlook on life as an affective symptom of dysthymia. Symptoms of depression can be described as alterations in four areas of human functions: affective, behavioral, cognitive, and physiological. Affective symptoms are those that relate to the mood.
Low self-esteem. 4. Powerlessness. Answer: 2. Rationale: 1. The client's behaviors do not indicate spiritual distress. Spiritual distress behaviors include expresses anger toward God or a higher being/power, expresses lack of meaning in life or a sudden change in spiritual practices. 2.
A. A prominent and persistent disturbance in mood that predominates in the clinical picture and is characterized by depressed mood or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities. B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of both (1) and (2): 1.
In order to diagnose someone with Major Depression, they must have had at least one Major Depressive Episode (in which they suffer from depressed mood, or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities) for at least two weeks.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Depressed mood. Lack of interest in activities normally enjoyed.
Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness. Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters. Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports. Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much.
Causes - Clinical depressionStressful events. Most people take time to come to terms with stressful events, such as bereavement or a relationship breakdown. ... Personality. ... Family history. ... Giving birth. ... Loneliness. ... Alcohol and drugs. ... Illness.
Major depressive disorder (MDD): Major depression (clinical depression) has intense or overwhelming symptoms that last longer than two weeks. These symptoms interfere with everyday life. Bipolar depression: People with bipolar disorder have alternating periods of low mood and extremely high-energy (manic) periods.
Depression can be described as mild, moderate or severe; melancholic or psychotic (see below).Melancholia. This is the term used to describe a severe form of depression where many of the physical symptoms of depression are present. ... Psychotic depression. ... Antenatal and postnatal depression.
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Those affected may also occasionally have delusions or hallucinations.
5 characteristics of depressionLow mood/low interest in activities enjoyed previously: Low interest or feeling depressed for more than two weeks is an alarming sign to seek immediate help. ... Trouble concentrating: ... Changes in appetite or sleep: ... Feeling hopeless/worthless: ... Thoughts of suicide:
The monoamine-deficiency theory posits that the underlying pathophysiological basis of depression is a depletion of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine in the central nervous system. Serotonin is the most extensively studied neurotransmitter in depression.
Major depression is most likely to affect people between the ages of 45 and 65. “People in middle age are at the top of the bell curve for depression, but the people at each end of the curve, the very young and very old, may be at higher risk for severe depression,” says Walch.
Research suggests that depression doesn't spring from simply having too much or too little of certain brain chemicals. Rather, there are many possible causes of depression, including faulty mood regulation by the brain, genetic vulnerability, and stressful life events.
Social and Relational Factors in Major DepressionDeath of a loved one.Divorce or marital problems such as infidelity.Loss of a job, financial problems, or poverty leading to homelessness.A chaotic, unsafe, and dangerous home life such as violence in the family.Abusive relationships that undermine self-confidence.More items...
C. Depression is a learned state of helplessness cause by ineffective parenting. D. Depression is caused by intrapersonal conflict between the id and the ego.
Medical conditions such as hormone disturbances, electrolyte disturbances, and nutritional deficiencies may produce symptoms of depression. These are a priority to identify and treat, since they may be the cause of the depressive symptoms and represent physiological needs.
If a nurse observes behavior that indicates self-harm, the nurse can intervene to stop the behavior and keep the client safe. The nurse is providing counseling to clients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The nurse chooses to help the clients alter their mood by learning how to change the way they think.
A depressed client reports to a nurse a history of divorce, job loss, family estrangement, and cocaine abuse. According to learning theory, what is the cause of this client's symptoms?
A mini-mental status exam should be performed to rule out neurocognitive disorder. The elderly are often misdiagnosed with neurocognitive disorder such as Alzheimer's disease, when depression is their actual diagnosis. Memory loss, confused thinking, and apathy are common symptoms of depression in the elderly.
The diagnosis of major depressive disorder may be ruled out if the client's laboratory results indicate a high TSH level (normal range for this age group is 0.4 to 4.2 U/mL), which results from a low thyroid function, or hypothyroidism. In hypothyroidism metabolic processes are slowed, leading to depressive symptoms.
Spiritual distress behaviors include expresses anger toward God or a higher being/power, expresses lack of meaning in life or a sudden change in spiritual practices. 2.
The nurse's highest priority should be that the client will not harm self during the hospital stay. Client safety should always be the nurse's highest priority.
The client will discuss feelings with staff and family by day three.
D. The occurrence of the major depressive episode is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified and unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure .#N#Note: Do not include symptoms that are clearly attributable to another medical condition.#N#1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)#N#2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation.)
E. The disturbance is not merely an exacerbation of the symptoms of another disorder such as major depressive disorder, panic disorder, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), or a personality disorder (although it may co-occur with any of these disorders).
4 The nurse's first priority should be that the client will remain safe during the hospital stay . Client safety should always be the nurse's first priority.
1. " Adolescents are not likely to suffer from depression."
From a medical standpoint, depression is defined as a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of depressed mood or sadness and the often profound loss of interest in things that usually bring you pleasure.
In addition to depressed mood and markedly diminished interest in activities, people with depression often have a range of physical and emotional symptoms which may include: 1 . Fatigue, insomnia, and lethargy. Unexplained aches, pains, and psychomotor agitation. Hopelessness and loss of self-esteem.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) When people use the term clinical depression, they are generally referring to major depressive disorder (MDD). 1 Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by a number of key features: Depressed mood. Lack of interest in activities normally enjoyed. Changes in weight. Changes in sleep.
1 . Mood changes, anxiety, irritability, and other symptoms are not uncommon after giving birth and often last up to two weeks. PPD symptoms are more severe and longer-lasting.
People might experience brief periods of not feeling depressed, but this relief of symptoms lasts for two months or less. While the symptoms are not as severe as major depressive disorder, they are pervasive and long-lasting.
If you or a loved one are struggling with depression, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.
PPD can range from a persistent lethargy and sadness that requires medical treatment all the way up to postpartum psychosis, a condition in which the mood episode is accompanied by confusion, hallucinations, or delusions.