Public goods are nonexclusive and nonrival in consumption.
a) The inability to exclude drivers from using the freeway causes it to be overused.
The free rider problem occurs when individuals who gains from resources, goods, or services but do not pay for them. This creates an under provision of those goods or services.
When a good is non-excludable but rival, congestion will result. This is an example of a tragedy of the commons.
c) Some students choose not to recycle their soda bottles after class, instead leaving them in the classroom.#N#Recycling and maintaining a clean classroom benefits everyone, but yet not everyone contributes to this goal.
It is often viewed that public goods are available in a society lesser than what is actually desired.