1. Research questions must be determined following topic selection, as this drives the process of collecting data and furthering the research process.
3. Questionnaires are self-reporting instruments that study participants use to provide their insights and opinions about the study's focus.
4. Results from outside studies are not aspects of a research setting.
Laboratory experimentation is not an objective of qualitative research, as it contradicts other objectives such as naturalistic observation and does not provide for a holistic description of participants or events.
Data that are treated as qualitative are mostly written or spoken words, or observations that do not have a direct numerical interpretation.
Research in which social phenomena are investigated without a priori expectations, in order to develop explanations of them. Asks what is going on here?
Scientific method represents an epistemology, a way of knowing based on objective, empirical investigation. Transparency allows for replication of the study. Peer review allows for the scientific merit of the study to be evaluated.
Lack one of the three elements of a true experiment. As a result, quasi experimental designs are considered less rigorous than experimental.