Leukotrienes. product of arachidonic from mast cell membranes; similar effects to histamine in later stages. Prostaglandins. similar effects to leukotrienes; they also induce pain; aspirin and some other NSAIDs block the synthesis of them, thereby inhibiting inflammation and pain. Platelet-activating factor.
Produces biologically active fragments that recruit phagocytes, activate mast cells, and destroy pathogens. Clotting system. forms a fibrous meshwork at an injured or inflamed site; prevents the spread of infection; localizes microorganisms and foreign bodies; stops bleeding; provides a framework for repair and healing.
Benefits of inflammation. limit and control the inflammatory response, prevent and limit infection and further damage, initiate adaptive immunity response, and intimate healing. Vascular réponses of the inflammatory response.
Chronic inflammation. lasting 2 weeks or longer; often related to an unsuccessful acute inflammatory response; characterized by pus formation, suppuration, and incomplete wound healing; can be cause by high lipid and wax content of a microorganism, ability to survive inside the macrophage, toxins, and chemicals, particulate matter, ...
First line of defense. Innate immunity, physical barriers, epithelial cell-derived chemical barriers, and normal microbiome. Normal microbiome. the unique bacteria and fungi that are colonized on each surface in a particular location and individual. Second line of defense.
Mast cells. cellular bags of granules located in the loose connective tissues close to blood vessels (skin, digestive lining, and respiratory tract); contain histamine, cytokines, and chemotaxis factors. Basophils. found in blood and probably function in the same way as mast cells.
synthesized by many cells (macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines; induce chemotaxis to promote phagocytosis and wound healing. neutrophils and macrophage inflammatory proteins.