Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Two biologically functional characteristics of immunoglobin G (IgG) are: Opsonization of antigens for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, nenonatal immunity by transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta and gut of the fetus.
Human cell lines do not express Ro (SS-A) antigen. According to the HIV testing algorithm from the CDC, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT? A nonreactive screening test to either HIV-1 or HIV-2 is confirmation that a patient does not have HIV.
XAXa × XaY. You chose the only pair of parents, XAXa × XaY , that could have a daughter with the disease phenotype. If a girl inherits the recessive allele on the X chromosome from her mother and on the X chromosome from her father, then she will exhibit the recessive phenotype of an X-linked disorder.
X-linked disorders like hemophilia and color blindness are more common in males, whereas autosomal disorders like cystic fibrosis exhibit the same inheritance pattern in males and females.
Males suffer from the disorder, which affects the formation of blood cells and the immune system, more than females because females can inherit a healthy dominant allele on their second X chromosome which will save them from the disorder. Consider an X-linked recessive disorder as described in the video.
Marfan syndrome occurs when an individual inherits one or two copies of the defective FBN1 gene. Marfan syndrome is caused by a defect in FBN1 gene located on chromosome 15. The gene normally encodes the fibrilllin-1, which is important for the elasticity and appropriate growth of connective tissue.
X-linked disorders. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and fragile X syndrome are all X-linked disorders whose genes are found on the X chromosome. Because males only have one X chromosome, they exhibit the disease significantly more frequently than females.
Females do exhibit X-linked disease phenotypes if they inherit only one copy of an allele that causes a dominant disorder. This occurs in the fragile X syndrome. If the X-linked disease is recessive, females can exhibit the disease phenotype if they inherit two copies of the recessive allele.
There is a misconception that girls cannot inherit recessive X-linked disorders. Girls can in fact inherit these disorders, but at a lower rate than boys. The following choices give the genotypes for pairs of mothers and fathers. Which pair of parents could have a daughter with the recessive disorder a?