The national medical association (def.) The name of the professional society Founded in 1895 for black physicians (who were excluded from membership in the AMA). malpractice. Litigation intended to compensate patients who have been harmed by the actions or inactions of a physician. peer review.
yin and yang (def.) Each object in nature is both a unified whole and a whole composed of two parts with opposing qualities (yin and yang). They are constantly in a dynamic interplay shifting from becoming opposites to becoming each other. Disease results from an imbalance. Dual model of medical care.
emotional reaction (def.) Suchman states that three distinct processes occur when an individual first senses some health problem. There is physical pain/discomfort and the cognitive reaction that the symptoms are part of an illness.
Florence Nightingale (def.) An early British nursing reformer who believed that the proper moral, environmental, and physical order was necessary for the restoration of health; she had a profound effect on nursing in the U.S. Advanced practice nurse (def.)
defensive medicine. The tendency for physicians to require every imaginable test for patients in order to protect themselves from liability in the case of a negative patient outcome. illness behavior (def.) the way in which symptoms are perceived, evaluated, and acted upon by a person who recognizes some pain.
Advanced practice nurse (def.) Registered nurses who have acquired additional education and certification in one or more of about 20 nursing specialties. Certified Nurse Midwife. A registered nurse who is certified by the American College of Nurse-Midwives to assist in childbirth.
managed competition (def.) The name given to the Clinton health care reform package that attempted to address both problems of access and cost. preferred provider organizations (def.)