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The second project of the group, IEEE P802.19.1b™, is preparing a recommended practice with the purpose of is to identify performance enhancement settings that provide improvements for IEEE 802 wireless devices in automotive environments. The wireless device parameters include both the physical layer (PHY) and the medium access control layer (MAC) settings of the devices. The typical scenarios the recommended practice will include, interference among IEEE 802 devices and interference between IEEE 802 devices and non IEEE 802 devices in the 2.4 GHz band.
The IEEE 802.18 Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group ("RR-TAG") supports the work of the IEEE 802 LMSC and the IEEE 802 wireless Working Groups - IEEE 802.11 (WLAN), IEEE 802.15 (WPAN), IEEE 802.16 (WMAN), IEEE 802.20™ (Wireless Mobility), IEEE 802.21™ (Handoff/Interoperability Between Networks), and IEEE 802.22™ (WRAN) - by actively monitoring and participating in radio regulatory matters worldwide as an advocate for IEEE 802.
These include IEEE 802.11ac™-2013 (up to 7 Gbps in 5 GHz) and IEEE 802.11ad™-2012 (7 Gbps in 60 GHz), both of which will significantly improve the throughput and capabilities of wireless networks.
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet is expected to play a foundational role in creating the fixed infrastructure for 5G. This will range from data and power for wireless access points to backhaul for wireless networks, and within networks including enterprise to data centers.
The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee develops and maintains networking standards and recommended practices for local, metropolitan, and other area networks , using an open and accredited process, and advocates them on a global basis. The most widely used standards are for Ethernet, Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs, Wireless LAN, Wireless PAN, Wireless MAN, Wireless Coexistence, Media Independent Handover Services, and Wireless RAN. An individual Working Group provides the focus for each area.
Society Sponsors are the parent bodies for a variety of Working Groups that host the development of standard projects. An example is the Computer Society which hosts the Sponsor IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee, which in turn hosts a number of Working Groups actively engaged in writing technical interoperability specifications in a wide range of standards projects. A specific example is Computer Society/IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Committee/IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group/IEEE 802.11 ax High Efficiency WLAN Project.
The architectural framework for IoT provides a reference model that defines relationships among various IoT verticals (e.g. , transportation, healthcare, etc.) and common architecture elements. It also provides a blueprint for data abstraction and the quality "quadruple" trust that includes protection, security, privacy, and safety." Furthermore, this standard provides a reference architecture that builds upon the reference model. The reference architecture covers the definition of basic architectural building blocks and their ability to be integrated into multi-tiered systems. The reference architecture also addresses how to document and, if strived for, mitigate architecture divergence. This standard leverages existing applicable standards and identifies planned or ongoing projects with a similar or overlapping scope.
The IEEE standard for a wireless networking technique that may issue signals in the 2.4- or 5-GHz band and can achieve actual data throughput between 65 and 600 Mbps. It accomplishes this through several means, including MIMO, channel bonding, and frame aggregation. It is backward compatible with 802.11a, b, and g.
The IEEE standard for a wireless networking technique that uses multiple frequency bands in the 5-GHz frequency range and provides a theoretical maximum throughput of 54 Mbps. It's high throughput, compared with 802.11b, is attributable to its use of higher frequencies, its unique method of encoding data, and more available bandwidth
Their antennas may operate in a line-of-sight or non-line-of-sight manner and cover 50 kilometers (or approximately 30 miles). It's connections can achieve a maximum throughput of 70 Mbps, though actual throughput diminishes as the distance between transceivers increases. Several of these standards exist. Collectively, they are known as WiMAX.
The IEEE standard for a wireless networking technique that uses DSSS (direct-sequence spread spectrum) signaling in the 2.4-2.4835-GHz frequency range (also called the 2.4-GHz band). It separates the 2.4-GHz band into 14 overlapping 22-MHz channels and provides a theoretical maximum of 11-Mbps throughput.
This standard, like 802.11b, uses the 2.4-GH z frequency band.
IEEE 802 is a collection of networking standards that cover the physical and data-link layer specifications for technologies such as Ethernet and wireless. These specifications apply to local area networks ( LAN) and metropolitan area networks ( MAN ). IEEE 802 also aids in ensuring multi-vendor interoperability by promoting standards for vendors to follow.
The IEEE 802 specifications can be used by commercial organizations to ensure their products maintain any newly specified standards. So, for example, the 802.11 specification that applies to Wi-Fi could be used to make sure Wi-Fi devices work together under one standard. In the same way, IEE 802 can help maintain local area network standards.
Individual "working groups" are decided on and assigned to each area in order to provide each area with an acceptable amount of focus. IEEE 802 specifications also split the data link layer into two different layers -- an LLC layer and a MAC layer.
All standards stay in place until they are replaced with another document or withdrawn.
The working groups are the different areas of focus within the 802 specifications. They are numbered from 802.1 onward.
All the 802.11 specifications use the Ethernet protocol and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance ( CSMA/CA) for path sharing. The original modulation used in 802.11 was phase-shift keying (PSK). However, other schemes, such as complementary code keying (CCK), are used in some of the newer specifications. The newer modulation methods provide higher data speed and reduced vulnerability to interference.
The set of standards started in 1979 with a "local network for computer interconnection" standard, which was approved a year later. The LMSC has made more than 70 standards for IEEE 802.
802.11 Wireless Standards. 802.11 represents the IEEE designation for wireless networking. Several wireless networking specifications exist under the 802.11 banner. The Network+ objectives focus on 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n. All these standards use the Ethernet protocol and the CSMA/CA access method.
802.11n is poised to bring about the next big change in wireless networking, promising greater distances and staggering speeds. But how is this done? 802.11n takes the best from the 802.11 standards and mixes in some new features to take wireless to the next level. First among these new technologies is multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology.
The second 802.11 variation used DSSS and specified a 2Mbps peak data rate with optional fallback to 1Mbps in very noisy environments. 802.11, 802.11b, and 802.11g use DSSS. This means that the underlying modulation scheme is similar between each standard, allowing all DSSS systems to coexist with 2, 11, and 54Mbps 802.11 standards. As a comparison, it is like the migration from the older 10Mbps Ethernet networking to the more commonly implemented 100Mbps standard. The speed was different, but the underlying technologies were similar, allowing for an easier upgrade.
IEEE 802.11a: In terms of speed, the 802.11a standard was far ahead of the original 802.11 standards. 802.11a specified speeds of up to 54Mbps in the 5GHz band, but most commonly, communication takes place at 6Mbps, 12Mbps, or 24Mbps. 802.11a is incompatible with the 802.11b and 802.11g wireless standards.
In wireless networking a single channel is 20MHz in width. When two channels are bonded, they are a total of 40MHz. 802.11n systems can use either the 20MHz channels or the 40MHz channel.
MIMO is unquestionably the biggest development for 802.11n and the key to the new speeds. Essentially, MIMO uses multiplexing to increase the range and speed of wireless networking. Multiplexing is a technique that combines multiple signals for transmission over a single line or medium.
One of the 802.11 standards used FHSS. This 802.11 variant used the 2.4GHz radio frequency band and operated at a 1 or 2Mbps data rate.
In Aruba Mobility Basics, you will learn how Radio Frequency (RF) works! You will compare the differences between a wired and a wireless network, identify WLAN organizations that set Wi-Fi standards and the basics of radio communication.
Get an introduction to wireless technologies, standards, Radio Frequency (RF), and planning concepts.