Expectancy theory has three components:Expectancy: effort → performance (E→P)Instrumentality: performance → outcome (P→O)Valence: V(R) outcome → reward.
Goal-setting theory Rewards should be tied directly to goal achievement. Expectancy theory is one of the key process theories. According to expectancy theory , people will work hard to achieve good work performance if they are subsequently rewarded with rewards that are meaningful to them.
The Expectancy theory states that employee's motivation is an outcome of how much an individual wants a reward (Valence), the assessment that the likelihood that the effort will lead to expected performance (Expectancy) and the belief that the performance will lead to reward (Instrumentality).
It's a belief that increase in effort leads to increase in performance. For instance, If you work harder, then you'll prepare a great presentation on Global Warming. Various factors affecting this belief are. The available resources such as raw materials and time to get the job done.
Goals should be: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-based, Time-specific
due to rewards that come from doing the work, such as pay and promotion
Specific, difficult goals only work if individuals have