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Kemal Atatürk became a national hero after turning back the Allies at Gallipoli during World War I. Still, the Ottomans were defeated. To prevent partition of Anatolia, he led a rebellion against the sultanate. In 1923 the sovereignty of the Turkish Republic was internationally recognized with the Treaty of Lausanne.
How did Kemal Ataturk come to power?
Atatürk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Following the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers.
What change did Kemal Ataturk bring to Turkey when he came to power?
The leading legal reforms instituted included a secular constitution (laïcité) with the complete separation of government and religious affairs, the replacement of Islamic courts and Islamic canon law with a secular civil code based on the Swiss Civil Code, and a penal code based on that of Italy (1924–37).
What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha Class 10?
Solution. It was Mustafa Kemal Pasha whose efforts caused Turkey's rebirth as a nation. Not only did Kemal Pasha win freedom for the country, but he modernised it and changed it out of all recognition. He put an end to the Sultanate and the Caliphate.
Who was the Turkish war hero?
Military career of Mustafa Kemal AtatürkMustafa Kemal Atatürk 1317 (1901)-P. 8Born1881 Salonica (Thessaloniki), Ottoman EmpireDied10 November 1938 (aged 56–57) Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, TurkeyAllegianceOttoman Empire TurkeyYears of service1893 – 8 July 1919, 5 August 1921 – 19276 more rows
Why is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk important to the history of Turkey quizlet?
Mustafa Kemal, Ataturk, was the first president of the Republic of Turkey from 1923. He inherited a Turkey in desperate need to modernize in order to survive in the fast paced 20th century. The failing Ottoman Empire was known as "the sick man of Europe," and Ataturk recognized Turkey's necessity to change this image.
Who controlled Turkey during the 1500s and 1600s what happened to this power?
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries.Mar 7, 2022
What is the meaning of Ataturk?
Atatürk is an honorific surname given to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. Atatürk may also refer to: Atatürk Airport, the airport in Istanbul, named after him. Atatürk Centennial.
Is Turkey named after Ataturk?
Under his leadership, the Republic of Turkey was declared in 1923, and he was honoured with the name Atatürk ("Father of the Turks") by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in 1934.
Who is the father of Turkey?
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in a three-storey pink house at Islahhane Street, Kocakasim District, Salonika in 1881.
When was Mustafa Kemal Ataturk born?
1881Mustafa Kemal Atatürk / Date of birth
What Ataturk said for Anzacs?
"Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives... you are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore, rest in peace.
What did Kemal say in 1933?
Kemal said in 1933, "I look to the world with an open heart full of pure feelings and friendship". In 1934, he accepted the title "Atatürk" (father of the Turks).
Where did Kemal serve in the Balkan War?
During the Second Balkan War in 1913 he became the chief of staff of the army in the Gallipoli Peninsula, until posted as military attaché at the Turkish embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria. Kemal returned to Gallipoli in 1915 as commander of the 19th Division, the main reserve of the Turkish Fifth Army, and was thus on hand to oppose ...
Where is the inscription on the Kemal Atatürk Memorial?
After having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well. This inscription appears on the Kemal Atatürk Memorial, Anzac Parade, Canberra.
Where was Atatürk born?
Atatürk was born Mustafa Kemal at Salonika (now Thessalonika, Greece). After graduating from the military academy in Constantinople (Istanbul), Kemal pursued his military career with the Turkish Army in Syria.
What did Atatürk have?
The Turkish leader known as Atatürk had blue eyes and fair hair. Though he claimed to be descended from Turkish nomads, some historians believe he was at least partly of Balkan ancestry. During World War I (1914-18), the Ottoman Empire allied itself with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Who was Mustafa Atatürk?
Contents. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) was an army officer who founded an independent Republic of Turkey out of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. He then served as Turkey’s first president from 1923 until his death in 1938, implementing reforms that rapidly secularized and westernized the country. Under his leadership, the role of Islam in ...
What was the goal of Mustafa Kemal's independence movement?
However, Mustafa Kemal had already organized an independence movement based in Ankara, the goal of which was to end foreign occupation of the Turkish-speaking areas and to stop them from being partitioned. The sultan’s government in Istanbul sentenced Mustafa Kemal to death in absentia, but it failed to prevent him from building up both military and popular support. With the help of money and weapons from Soviet Russia, his troops crushed the Armenians in the east and forced the French and Italians to withdraw from the south. He then turned his attention to the Greeks, who had wreaked havoc on the Turkish population during their march to within 50 miles of Ankara.
What did Mustafa Kemal threaten to do?
Mustafa Kemal next threatened to attack Istanbul, which was being occupied by the British and other Allied powers. Rather than fight, the British agreed to negotiate a new peace treaty and sent invitations to both the sultan’s government in Istanbul and Mustafa Kemal’s government in Ankara.
Where was Mustafa Kemal born?
Mustafa, who became Mustafa Kemal as a teenager and then Mustafa Kemal Atatürk late in life, was born around 1881 in the city of Salonica (now Thessaloniki, Greece), which at that time was part of the Ottoman Empire. His family was middle-class, Turkish-speaking and Muslim. A good student, Mustafa Kemal attended a series of military schools, including the War College in Istanbul. He was then stationed in Syria and Palestine for a few years before securing a post back in Salonica. In 1911 and 1912, the hard-drinking Mustafa Kemal fought against the Italians in Libya.
What did Atatürk do to the League of Nations?
By that time, Atatürk’s government had joined the League of Nations, improved literacy rates and given women the right to vote, though in practice he essentially imposed single-party rule. He also closed opposition newspapers, suppressed leftist workers’ organizations and bottled up any attempts at Kurdish autonomy.
What happened to the Greeks in Smyrna?
A fire soon broke out in Smyrna, which, along with looting and rampaging Turkish soldiers, claimed the lives of thousands of Greek and Armenian residents. Roughly 200,000 additional Greeks and Armenians were forced to evacuate on nearby Allied warships, never to return.
Who was the national hero of Turkey?
Kemal Atatürk, National Hero. Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), Turkey’s national hero, was a military commander of genius and a statesman with few equals.
What did Kemal do to help Turkey?
Granted the surname Atatürk (“Father of the Turks”) by a grateful parliament, Kemal made peace —and even established friendly relations—with Turkey’s erstwhile enemies. Before his untimely death in 1938, he spearheaded his country’s economic recovery and laid the foundations for Turkey’s neutrality in World War II.
What was Kemal's nickname?
Excelling at mathematics in school, his teacher gave him the nickname Kemal (Excellent). He went on to attend the Ottoman military staff college (Harbiye) in Istanbul. He joined other “ Young Turks ” to reform Turkey’s government and society in the last years of the 19th century.
What would be the Turkish Republic without Atatürk?
It may well be said that without Atatürk, there would be no modern Turkish Republic, well ahead of its Islamic neighbors in democratic, social, cultural and commercial progress. His principles, still revered by most Turks, include: • Democracy.
Where did Kemal flee?
Kemal fled from occupied Istanbul to Anatolia and rallied the population in defense of their homeland. He summoned representatives, organized a republican government and army and, while serving as head of goverment also commanded the army against several powerful invading forces.
Who was the leader of the Allied forces in the Gallipoli campaign?
During the Gallipoli campaign (1915-1916), Lieutenant-Colonel Mustafa Kemal was instrumental in stopping the advance of the Allied forces intent on seizing Istanbul. He commanded from the front lines with incredible courage, and was hailed as a war hero.
Is Atatürk's memory protected?
Atatürk’s memory and legacy are revered and protected by law. Nobody in Turkey jokes about Atatürk. During your visit, refrain from any light-hearted or disrespectful references to the national hero. Click here for biographies of Atatürk. Turkish Republic. Ottoman Empire. Turkish History.
Overview
Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping progressive reforms, …
Early life
Kemal Atatürk was born (under the name Ali Rıza oğlu Mustafa which means "Mustafa son of Ali Rıza") in the early months of 1881, either in the Ahmet Subaşı neighbourhood or at a house (preserved as a museum) in Islahhane Street (now Apostolou Pavlou Street) in the Koca Kasım Pasha neighbourhood in Salonica (Selanik), Ottoman Empire (Thessaloniki in present-day Greece). His …
Military career
Shortly after graduation, he was arrested by the police for his anti-monarchist activities. Following confinement for several months he was released only with the support of Rıza Pasha, his former school director. After his release, Atatürk was assigned to the Fifth Army based in Damascus as a Staff Captain in the company of Ali Fuat (Cebesoy) and Lütfi Müfit(Özdeş). He joined a small secret …
Presidency
With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, efforts to modernise the country started. The new government analyzed the institutions and constitutions of Western states such as France, Sweden, Italy, and Switzerland and adapted them to the needs and characteristics of the Turkish nation. Highlighting the public's lack of knowledge regarding Atatürk's intentions, the p…
Personal life
Kemal Atatürk's name is associated with four women: Eleni Karinte, Fikriye Hanım, Dimitrina Kovacheva and Latife Uşaklıgil. Little is known of his relationship with Eleni, who fell in love with him while he was a student in Bitola, Macedoniabut the relationship inspired a play by the Macedonian writer Dejan Dukovski, later filmed by Aleksandar Popovski. Fikriye was a nominal cousin o…
Illness and death
Throughout most of his life, Atatürk was a moderate-to-heavy drinker, often consuming half a litre of rakı a day; he also smoked tobacco, predominantly in the form of cigarettes. During 1937, indications that Atatürk's health was worsening started to appear. In early 1938, while on a trip to Yalova, he suffered from a serious illness. He went to Istanbul for treatment, where he was diagno…
Legacy
Kemal Atatürk is commemorated by many memorials throughout Turkey, such as the Atatürk International Airport in Istanbul, the Atatürk Bridge over the Golden Horn (Haliç), the Atatürk Dam, and Atatürk Stadium. Atatürk statues have been erected in all Turkish cities by the Turkish Government, and most towns have their own memorial to him. His face and name are seen and heard everywhere …
Awards and decorations
He received awards and decorations before, during, and after World War I.
• File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire: Fifth Class Knight Order of the Medjidie awarded by Abdul Hamid II (25 December 1906)
• File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire: Silver Imtiyaz Medal awarded by Mehmed V (30 April 1915)
Overview
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) was an army officer who founded an independent Republic of Turkey out of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. He then served as Turkeys first president from 1923 until his death in 1938, implementing reforms that rapidly secularized and westernized the country. Under his leadershi…
Early years
- Mustafa, who became Mustafa Kemal as a teenager and then Mustafa Kemal Atatürk late in life, was born around 1881 in the city of Salonica (now Thessaloniki, Greece), which at that time was part of the Ottoman Empire. His family was middle-class, Turkish-speaking and Muslim. A good student, Mustafa Kemal attended a series of military schools, including the War College in Istan…
Prelude
- Under a punitive postwar peace treaty signed in August 1920, the Allied powers stripped all Arab provinces from the Ottoman Empire, provided for an independent Armenia and an autonomous Kurdistan, put the Greeks in charge of a region surrounding Smyrna (now Izmir) and asserted economic control over what little country remained. However, Mustafa Kemal had already organi…
Battle
- In August and September 1921, with Mustafa Kemal at the head of the army, the Turks stopped the Greek advance at the Battle of Sakarya. The following August, they launched an offensive that broke the Greek lines and sent them into a full-scale retreat all the way back to Smyrna on the Mediterranean Sea. A fire soon broke out in Smyrna, which, along with looting and rampaging Tu…
Aftermath
- Mustafa Kemal next threatened to attack Istanbul, which was being occupied by the British and other Allied powers. Rather than fight, the British agreed to negotiate a new peace treaty and sent invitations to both the sultans government in Istanbul and Mustafa Kemals government in Ankara. But before the peace conference could begin, the Grand National Assembly in Ankara passed a r…
Quotes
- Mustafa Kemals government espoused industrialization and adopted new law codes based on European models. The civilized world is far ahead of us, he told an audience in October 1926. We have no choice but to catch up. Eight years later, he required all Turks to choose a surname, selecting Atatürk (literally Father Turk) as his own. By that time, Atatürks government had joine…
Death and legacy
- On November 10, 1938, Atatürk, who never had any children, died in his bedroom at the Dolmabahce Palace in Istanbul. He was replaced by İsmet İnönü, prime minister during most of Atatürks rule, who continued his policies of secularization and westernization. Even though Atatürk retains iconic status in Turkey todayin fact, insulting his memory is a crimeIslam has ree…
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