when protein is assembled from the instructions in the genetic code course hero

How are instructions to make a protein coded in DNA?

The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words ii. These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids iii. Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA strand results in the placement of the amino acid serine at the ...

What is the genetic code of a protein called?

The Genetic Code During protein synthesis, the protein is built up one amino acid at a time. DNA contains the information that determines which amino acid comes next. DNA is made up of four different nitrogen bases: adenosine (A),thymine(T),cytosine(C),and guanine(G). These bases make up the genetic code. All living things have

What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

BIOL 114 Spring 2021 Cells: Genetic Code & Protein Synthesis Activity Instructions: Make sure to provide a complete answer for each part of the question and upload your individual assignment by the deadline to the Assignments section on Brightspace in order to receive full points. 1. Match the appropriate term to the statement Page 1 of 3

What are the three nucleotides that code for protein synthesis called?

Name:___ _____ Investigation: DNA, Proteins, and Mutations Below are two partial sequences of DNA bases (shown for only one strand of DNA) Sequence 1 is from a human and sequence 2 is from a cow. In both humans and cows, this sequence is part of a set of instructions for controlling a bodily function. In this case, the sequence contains the gene to make the protein insulin.

When protein is assembled from the instructions in the genetic code?

The forming of a protein requires the folding of one or more polypeptide chains. Ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains. The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is a process known as translation.

What happens after a protein is assembled?

The ribosome assembles amino acids into the proper order and links them together via peptide bonds. This process, known as translation, creates a long string of amino acids called a polypeptide chain. After the polypeptide chain is synthesized, it will sometimes undergo additional processing.

Where proteins are assembled from the DNA instructions?

Ribosomes are the sites in a cell in which protein synthesis takes place. Cells have many ribosomes, and the exact number depends on how active a particular cell is in synthesizing proteins. For example, rapidly growing cells usually have a large number of ribosomes (Figure 5).

What is assembled from the instructions found in genes?

Hidden inside almost every cell in your body is a chemical called DNA. A gene is a short section of DNA. Your genes contain instructions that tell your cells to make molecules called proteins. Proteins perform various functions in your body to keep you healthy.

How is a protein made step by step?

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

What is the sequence of events to produce a protein that is secreted?

What is the sequence of events to produce a protein that is secreted? A hormone signals the gene that encodes the protein to be transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA is translated into protein on the ER, then processed and folded in the Golgi apparatus, and then sent out of the cell in a vesicle.

How is a protein made from DNA?

Proteins are the key working molecules and building blocks in all cells. They are produced in a similar two-step process in all organisms called protein synthesis – DNA is first transcribed into RNA, then RNA is translated into protein.Mar 13, 2014

How is a protein produced and shipped from a cell?

The information to produce a protein is encoded in the cell's DNA. When a protein is produced, a copy of the DNA is made (called mRNA) and this copy is transported to a ribosome. Ribosomes read the information in the mRNA and use that information to assemble amino acids into a protein.

What is the process of assembling a protein from RNA called?

Translation is the process of synthesis of protein from RNA. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) produced by transcription is decoded by the ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein.

What macromolecule is usually made from the genetic instructions in DNA?

To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins, which are the complex molecules that do most of the work in our bodies. Each DNA sequence that contains instructions to make a protein is known as a gene.Aug 24, 2020

How gene expression derives a protein from a genotype?

Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation.Mar 26, 2021

What is gene made up of?

Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.Mar 22, 2021

What is the purpose of a gene?

A gene is a specific section of DNA that contains the instructions to make a protein. If all molecules of DNA contain a phosphate group, a deoxyribose, and a base, propose an explanation for how the information to make a protein is coded within the DNA molecule.

What are the steps of DNA replication?

Place the following steps of DNA replication in the proper order: DNA fragments are fused together; double helix is pulled apart; new strands of DNA are synthesized. Double helix is pulled apart, new strands of DNA are synthesized, and DNA fragments are fused together .

What are the steps of transcription?

List the following steps of transcription in order: RNA polymerase makes RNA; mRNA leaves the nucleus; RNA polymerase binds the promoter; RNA splicing. RNA polymerase binds the promoter, RNA polymerase makes RNA, RNA splicing, and mRNA leaves the nucleus.

What is the terminator of a gene?

True or false: The terminator is the sequence of DNA in front of the gene that tells the RNA polymerase where to begin transcription. If false, make it a correct statement. False, the terminator is the sequence of DNA at the end of the gene that tells the RNA polymerase to stop transcription.

What is the shotgun sequencing method?

A method for quickly sequencing a genome is called the. whole-genome shotgun cloning method. Place the following steps to the shotgun sequencing method in order: DNA sequencing, computer alignment of overlapping sequences, obtain DNA, upload the DNA into a database, cut the DNA with restriction enzymes.

What is the function of RNA in a virus?

Certain viruses, like HIV, actually contain RNA. When a virus of this type takes over a host cell, it makes DNA from its RNA. The viral DNA is then used to make an RNA copy, which is used to make viral proteins. In all cells, the flow of genetic information is from DNA à RNA à proteins.

Who cracked the genetic code?

The cracking of the genetic code was the joint accomplishment of several well-known geneticists—notably Har Khorana, Marshall Nirenberg, Philip Leder, and Severo Ochoa —from 1961 to 1964.

What is the definition of a gene?

One of the definitions of a gene is as follows: a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) carrying the code for a specific polypeptide. Each molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is a transcribed copy of a gene that is used by a cell for synthesizing a polypeptide chain. If a protein contains two or more different polypeptide chains, ...

What is the termination codon?

The three termination codons are read by special proteins called release factors, which signal the end of the translation process . The codon AUG codes for methionine and is also the initiation codon. Thus methionine is the first amino acid in each newly synthesized polypeptide.

How many amino acids are in oxytocin?

The peptide hormone oxytocin contains 9 amino acid units. What is the minimum number of nucleotides needed to code for this peptide? Myoglobin, a protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells, has been purified from a number of organisms. The protein from a sperm whale is composed of 153 amino acid units.