when people agree on a course of common action even as

What does it mean to agree to do an action?

Nov 16, 2016 · Politics: the process through which individuals and groups reach agreement on a course of common or collective action even as they disagree on the intended goals of that action Success requires bargaining and compromise Those who create government institutions know that preference (essentially self interest) is inevitable Often reflect valued interests Individuals …

When and how do reasons explain actions?

Synonyms for AGREE: coincide, concur, bargain, contract, covenant, acknowledge, admit, allow; Antonyms for AGREE: differ, disagree, deny, differ (from), disagree ...

Do reasons that favour actions make them right?

Getting people to agree on an action in the absence of agreement on the purpose of the action is what pluralist politics is all about The advent of sharply polarized, nearly evenly balanced party coalitions has ratcheted up electoral competition Clear and Probable Danger A rule introduced by Chief Justice Fred Vinson for the courts to enlist in ...

What are some examples of agreeing with someone else?

the process through which individuals and groups reach agreement on a course of common or collective action - even as they continue to disagree on …

What is reneging and shirking?

• Reneging and shirking: when states agree to a common course of action but then fail to honor their commitments.

Which of the following is an example of collective action?

Collective action refers to the actions taken by a collection or group of people, acting based on a collective decision. For example, if you choose to walk instead of drive, then you are taking an individual action.

When an individual withholds his or her contribution to a group's undertaking this is referred to as a?

A member's withholding his or her contribution to a group's undertaking is referred to as. a free-rider problem.

What are the three main types of collective action problems faced by state governments quizlet?

Collective-action problems, coordination problems, and prisoner's dilemmas are all specific types of collective dilemmas. Governments exist to solve the fundamental problem that Hobbes articulated, as well as other collective dilemmas that society faces.

What is collective action socially?

My own theoretical conception of social movements is similar: A social movement is a collective action (or collective challenge) carried out through formal and informal interactions established between a plurality of individuals, collectives, and organized groups that (1) share, to a greater or lesser extent, a sense ...

Why is collective action a problem?

The origin of that problem is the fact that, while each individual in any given group may share common interests with every other member, each also has conflicting interests. If taking part in a collective action is costly, then people would sooner not have to take part.

Why do citizens often look to government to provide public goods?

Why do citizens often look to government to provide public goods? Government has coercive authority to prevent free riding and the necessary resources to undertake expensive projects. Why is the prisoner's dilemma a critical part of American politics?

Which foundational concept about politics based on his studies of previous republics informed James Madison's thinking when co authoring the Federalist Papers?

Which foundational concept about politics, based on his studies of previous republics, informed James Madison's thinking when co-authoring The Federalist Papers? Republican governments function best when the wishes of the people are taken into account at all times.

Which of the following is a good formal definition of politics quizlet?

Which of the following is a good formal definition of politics? The process through which individuals and groups reach agreement on a course of common action even as they continue to disagree on the goals of the action. Which of the following is an example of collective action?

What should individuals do to resolve collective action problems what about governments or societies?

Incentives that help overcome collective action problems include material, solidary, and purposive benefits. These are often offered by group leaders. Sometimes, political, economic, or social disturbances help overcome collective action problems by mobilizing groups.

Which of the following describes the collective action problem?

A collective action problem or social dilemma is a situation in which all individuals would be better off cooperating but fail to do so because of conflicting interests between individuals that discourage joint action.

Why do some groups have an easier time overcoming collective action problems quizlet?

Sometimes, political, economic, or social disturbances help overcome collective action problems by mobilizing groups. Why do some groups have an easier time overcoming collective action problems? Some of them are smaller, with less people they have similar opinions. This leads to free riding being more difficult.

How does the verb agree contrast with its synonyms?

The words coincide and concur are common synonyms of agree. While all three words mean "to come into or be in harmony regarding a matter of opinion," agree implies complete accord usually attained by discussion and adjustment of differences.

When would coincide be a good substitute for agree?

The words coincide and agree can be used in similar contexts, but coincide, used more often of opinions, judgments, wishes, or interests than of people, implies total agreement.

When might concur be a better fit than agree?

Although the words concur and agree have much in common, concur often implies approval of someone else's statement or decision.

What are the reasons for acting?

The focus will be on reasons for acting—what are commonly called “practical reasons”, leaving aside questions that are specific to other reasons, for instance, reasons for believing, wanting, feeling emotions, and having attitudes, such as hope or resentment. 1. The Variety of Reasons. 2. Normative Reasons.

What is practical reasoning?

Humans engage in practical reasoning: they deliberate about what to do and how to do it. And they often act in light of reasons which can then explain their actions, and may also justify them. These ideas go back to Plato ( Protagoras and Republic, Book 4) and Aristotle ( De Anima, see esp. III.10; see also Price 2011). They have been a constant theme in discussions of the character of human behaviour in the history of philosophy. In the 18 th century, David Hume and Immanuel Kant offered radically different views about the role and importance of Reason (the faculty of reason) in guiding and justifying human actions. Their contributions remain influential today, but in the second half of the 20 th century, the focus shifted from discussion of the faculty of reason to discussion of the very concept of a reason and to questions about different kinds of reasons and their interconnections.

What are the two types of reasons?

Philosophers have sought to understand the nature of such reasons. Most contemporary philosophers start by distinguishing two types of reason for action: “normative” reasons—that is, reasons which, very roughly, favour or justify an action, as judged by a well-informed, impartial observer; and “motivating” reasons—which, again roughly, ...

What are normative reasons?

There are normative reasons, therefore, corresponding to the variety of values and norms: normative reasons that are moral, prudential, legal, hedonic, etc.

What is motivating reason?

A motivating reason is a reason for which someone does something, a reason that, in the agent’s eyes, counts in favour of her acting in a certain way. When an agent acts motivated by a reason, she acts “in light of that reason” and the reason will be a premise in the practical reasoning, if any, that leads to the action.

What to do when one member disagrees with your method?

When one member disagrees with your methods you should listen keenly, allow direct communication, encourage new ideas and ultimately come to a consensus.

What happens if a team member doesn't agree with your methods?

Dealing with a team member who doesn’t agree with your methods can be a frustrating affair. Handling such cases could either ruin or make your project more successful. In fact, disagreements from your team member should not be conceived as a necessarily bad thing.

How to deal with a problem?

There are two ways of dealing with a problem. You either tackle it or ignore it. As an effective leader you need to appreciate the destructive effect of public spats on a team. You need to analyze the member’s point of view and assess whether there are valid concerns.

What is the most important tool in team building?

One of the most important team building tools is personal talks. Instead of ignoring a member’s views you need to call them aside to get a better understanding of their point of view. Your talk with the team member should be aimed at making the member align with the rest of team.

What is the role of a project manager?

One of the most important roles of any project manager is to set and communicate the vision of the project. In most cases leaders will have a good vision for the project but they fail to communicate the same to the team.

What is the tendency to attribute our actions to external influences and other people's actions to internal ones?

The actor-observer bias is the tendency to attribute our actions to external influences and other people's actions to internal ones. The way we perceive others and how we attribute their actions hinges on a variety of variables, but it can be heavily influenced by whether we are the actor or the observer in a situation.

What is the false consensus effect?

The false consensus effect is the tendency people have to overestimate how much other people agree with their own beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and values. For example: Thinking that other people share your opinion on controversial topics. Overestimating the number of people who are similar to you.

Why do we have hindsight bias?

The hindsight bias occurs for a combination of reasons, including our ability to "misremember" previous predictions, our tendency to view events as inevitable, and our tendency to believe we could have foreseen certain events. The effect of this bias is that it causes us to overestimate our ability to predict events.

What are cognitive biases?

While people like to believe that they are rational and logical, the fact is that people are continually under the influence of cognitive biases. These biases distort thinking, influence beliefs, and sway the decisions and judgments that people make each and every day. Sometimes these biases are fairly obvious, ...

Why is cognitive bias important?

It also helps people avoid experiencing cognitive dissonance, which involves holding contradictory beliefs. This cognitive bias can have a powerful impact in the real world. For example, job applicants perceived as attractive and likable are also more likely to be viewed as competent, smart, and qualified for the job.

What is confirmation bias?

The confirmation bias is the tendency to listen more often to information that confirms our existing beliefs. Through this bias, people tend to favor information that reinforces the things they already think or believe.

What is anchoring bias?

The Anchoring Bias. The anchoring bias is the tendency to be overly influenced by the first piece of information that we hear. Some examples of how this works: The first number voiced during a price negotiation typically becomes the anchoring point from which all further negotiations are based.

The Variety of Reasons

Normative Reasons

• A reason is said to be a “normative reason” for actingbecause it favours someone’s acting. But what does it mean tosay that a reason “favours” an action? One way ofunderstanding this claim is in terms of justification: a reasonjustifies or makes it right for someone to act in a certain way. Thisis why normative reasons are also called “justifying”reasons. The term “normative reason” d…

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Motivating and Explanatory Reasons

Conclusion