Currency depreciation is the loss of value of a country's currency with respect to one or more foreign reference currencies, typically in a floating exchange rate system in which no official currency value is maintained. Currency appreciation in the same context is an increase in the value of the currency. Short-term changes in the value of a currency are reflected in changes in the exchange rate.
Forex traders buy or ‘go long' on a currency pair in the hope that the base currency will appreciate relative to the quote currency.To understand currency appreciation, we should briefly look at the intricacies of a currency pair. A currency pair is made up of a base currency and a quote currency.
A currency appreciation is nothing but the rise or enhancement in the value of a national currency over the values of international currencies. This can be as a result of the rise in the demand of a domestic currency in an international market, rise in inflation and interest rates, due to the flexibility of the fiscal policy or government borrowing.
This is the rise in the value of the domestic currency as compared to a foreign currency. It enables imports to become cheaper and exports to become more expensive. The sentiments of the investors , lower inflation rates , political stability, nations’ current accounts , recession, government trade, terms of trade, speculation, etc are the probable causes of currency appreciation.
This can be defined as a rise in the value of the national currency as compared to international currencies whereas currency depreciation can be defined as a fall in the value of the national currency as compared to international currencies.
It results in the rise of imports whereas currency depreciation results in the rise of exports. In a currency appreciation, the cost of financing foreign debts with respect to national currency is reduced whereas, in currency depreciation, the cost of financing foreign debts with respect to national currency is not lowered.
Therefore, all this together can lower the rate of inflation to a significant extent.
Investors’ Sentiment- The sentiment of the investors has the tendency to influence the demand and supply for domestic currency in an international market. This is why the sentiments of the investors are considered one of the important causes of appreciation or depreciation of the domestic currency.
This can also lead to a rise in export costs. With the appreciation in the currency of an economy, the number of exported goods from that country will fall. This will have a negative impact on the GDP of that country as the same shall fall to a significant extent.
The holistic improvement in the value of a national currency, relative to the importance of foreign currencies is known as currency appreciation. Due to fiscal policy flexibility, inflation, interest rates, or government borrowing, currency appreciation might increase the demand for a local currency in an international market.
When a country’s currency appreciates, it impacts the export business of a country. The quantum of commodities exported from that country may decrease. This is basically because it becomes more costly to export. This situation will reduce a country’s GDP (gross domestic product), and may eventually be detrimental to that country.
The value of a currency with a lower inflation rate will increase in contrast to a currency with a higher inflation rate. This is because a lower rate of inflation leads to an increase in interest rates. Higher interest rates will in turn attract more overseas investment, increasing the demand for domestic currency.
Currency appreciation can help reduce inflation and wear off economy overheating. This can be attributed to imports becoming significantly cheaper and exports rising. Domestic products may become more costly due to this appreciation, causing imported goods to become cheaper on the international market.
Currency appreciation may be problematic for an economy too. When there is a rapid appreciation in the currency, it may become a big issue during economic downturns.
A currency appreciation is an economic factor which has micro as well as macro impact on domestic as well as international financial position of a county and it has to deal with at most professional care.
Currency appreciation is an increase in the value of one currency in relation to another currency. Currencies appreciate against each other for a variety of reasons, including government policy, interest rates, trade balances, and business cycles.
For the purposes of currency appreciation, the rate directly corresponds to the base currency. If the rate increases to 110, then one U.S. dollar now buys 110 units of Japanese yen and thus appreciates. As a rule of thumb, the increase or decrease of a rate always corresponds to the appreciation/depreciation of the base currency, and the inverse corresponds to the quoted currency.
A standard currency quote lists two currencies as a rate. For example, USD/JPY = 104.08. The first of the two currencies (USD) is the base currency and represents a single unit, or the number 1 in the case of a fraction such as 1/104.08. The second is the quoted currency and is represented by the rate as the amount of that currency needed to equal one unit of the base currency. The way this quote reads is: One U.S. dollar buys 104.08 units of Japanese yen .
In contrast, if a currency depreciates, it loses value against the currency against which it is being traded.
Here are just a couple: Export costs rise: If the U.S. dollar appreciates, foreigners will find American goods more expensive because they have to spend more for those goods in USD.
It also meant that American goods were competitive on the world stage as well as the United States due to their cheap labor and manufacturing costs. In 2005, however, China's yuan reversed course and appreciated 33% in value against the dollar until last year .
The second is the quoted currency and is represented by the rate as the amount of that currency needed to equal one unit of the base currency.
A currency appreciation is nothing but the rise or enhancement in the value of a national currency over the values of international currencies. This can be as a result of the rise in the demand of a domestic currency in an international market, rise in inflation and interest rates, due to the flexibility of the fiscal policy or government borrowing.
This is the rise in the value of the domestic currency as compared to a foreign currency. It enables imports to become cheaper and exports to become more expensive. The sentiments of the investors , lower inflation rates , political stability, nations’ current accounts , recession, government trade, terms of trade, speculation, etc are the probable causes of currency appreciation.
This can be defined as a rise in the value of the national currency as compared to international currencies whereas currency depreciation can be defined as a fall in the value of the national currency as compared to international currencies.
It results in the rise of imports whereas currency depreciation results in the rise of exports. In a currency appreciation, the cost of financing foreign debts with respect to national currency is reduced whereas, in currency depreciation, the cost of financing foreign debts with respect to national currency is not lowered.
Therefore, all this together can lower the rate of inflation to a significant extent.
Investors’ Sentiment- The sentiment of the investors has the tendency to influence the demand and supply for domestic currency in an international market. This is why the sentiments of the investors are considered one of the important causes of appreciation or depreciation of the domestic currency.
This can also lead to a rise in export costs. With the appreciation in the currency of an economy, the number of exported goods from that country will fall. This will have a negative impact on the GDP of that country as the same shall fall to a significant extent.