Hans’s downfall finally came when the psychologist Oskar Pfungst performed a few simple experiments. Pfungst theorized that Hans answered questions not through understanding them and knowing the answers but through responding to visual signals inadvertently produced by the questioner or other observers.
Apr 06, 2019 · d. Hans answered correctly only if the questioner knew the correct answer. ANSWER: d 44. What was Oskar Pfungst’s evidence that Clever Hans was not doing math? a. Hans answered correctly only ...
Terms in this set (15) What did Pfungst do first and what did he do next. -First: established that Hans was clever, and that his cleverness did not depend on the presence of his master. -Second: employed a control condition in fitting Hans with blinders so that he could not see his questioners. what could he see "from this data".
Wilhelm von Osten's horse that could solve math problems by tapping his hoof. Psychologist Oskar Pfungst eventually discovered that Clever Hans was taking cues from von Osten when answering problems (when to start tapping and when to stop).
Since that time, behavioral researchers have referred to the “Clever Hans effect” to denote the danger of unintentional cueing of the desired behaviour by the questioner if experiments are not carefully designed.Mar 7, 2022
Von Osten would ask Hans, "If the eighth day of the month comes on a Tuesday, what is the date of the following Friday?" Hans would answer by tapping his hoof eleven times.
It turned out that Von Osten and others were cuing Hans unconsciously by "tensing their muscles until Hans produced" the correct answer. The horse truly was clever, not because he understood human language but because he could perceive very subtle muscle movements.Dec 17, 2011
Hans solved calculations by tapping numbers or letters with his hoof in order to answer questions. Later on, it turned out that the horse was able to give the correct answer by reading the microscopic signals in the face of the questioning person.Nov 13, 2013
In 1891, a horse in Germany, named "Hans", stunned the world when he demonstrated the ability to do math and to spell out words and sentences. Eventually, the whole thing was demonstrated to be a trick--but not a deliberate one.Feb 4, 2015
What negative effects came from the clever Hans phenomenon? Behavior science became too cautious about the mental abilities of animals.
Some ways to prevent the Clever Hans Effect are for the experimenter to be unaware of the correct answers (a “double-blind” study), or to have the experimenter hidden out of sight of the subject. Either way, the experimenter is unable to inadvertently cue the subject to the correct answer.Dec 4, 2013