what vein course above the muscular fascia

What is the course of the great saphenous vein?

Course. The great saphenous vein originates from the dorsal vein of the hallux, which merges with the dorsal venous arch of the foot. The vein then runs anterior to the medial malleolus (a relatively easy area to locate the vein).

Is the great saphenous vein in superficial fascia?

Gross anatomy The great saphenous vein lies within the subcutaneous tissues of the leg in the thigh in the saphenous compartment, which is bounded posteriorly by the deep fascia and superficially by the saphenous fascia 3.

Where is saphenous vein located?

A saphenous vein is a vein in the leg that drains blood out of the leg and back to the heart. Each leg has a great saphenous vein, which travels along the front of the leg, and a small saphenous vein (also called the lesser saphenous vein), which travels along the back of the calf.

Where do superficial veins lie?

According to this description, all the veins which lie between the muscle fascia and the dermis are called superficial with no further differentiation.

Where does the greater saphenous vein begin and end?

The great saphenous vein originates from where the dorsal vein of the big toe (the hallux) merges with the dorsal venous arch of the foot. After passing in front of the medial malleolus (where it often can be visualized and palpated), it runs up the medial side of the leg.

Where is jugular vein?

The internal jugular vein is a run-off of the sigmoid sinus. It arises in the posterior cranial fossa and exits the cranium through the jugular foramen, located at the base of the skull.

What nerves run together with the great and small saphenous veins in the superficial fascia?

The SSV and related nerves The sural nerve (Figure 6) is formed by sensory branches of the tibial and peroneal nerves. It is an axial nerve located below the muscular fascia. It is distant from the SSV in the upper part of the calf, joining the SSV at the apex of the calf.

Where does the small saphenous vein start?

footThe small saphenous vein extends from the lateral marginal of the foot posterior to the lateral malleolus. It then ascends along the posterior surface of the leg and passes between the two heads of gastrocnemius.

Why does my great saphenous vein hurt?

Blood Clot in the Great Saphenous Vein A blood clot in the GSV can often be identified by a warm, tender, or aching feeling in the leg area. In some cases, it can also cause swelling.

Is the saphenous vein a superficial vein?

Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) – The GSV is the large superficial vein of the leg and the longest vein in the entire body. It can be found along the length of the lower limb, returning blood from the thigh, calf, and foot to the deep femoral vein at the femoral triangle. The femoral triangle is located in the upper thigh.

What are the superficial veins?

Superficial veins are often visible under the skin and are typically thin and wispy. They carry blood from surrounding tissues to the deep veins. Deep veins are thicker than superficial veins and buried throughout the most inner parts of the body below the skin.

Where is peroneal vein located?

The peroneal vein runs along the posteromedial aspect of the fibula and joins the posterior tibial vein. The popliteal vein is formed by the junction of the anterior and posterior tibial veins at the lower aspect of the posterior knee.

What connects superficial to deep veins?

Perforating veins pierce through the fascia and connect the superficial to deep veins.12 Communicating veins connect veins within the same compartment: superficial to superficial or deep to deep veins. The saphenous veins are covered by a fibrous sheath, the saphenous fascia. The saphenous fascia is thinner than the deep fascia ...

Where is the deep femoral vein?

The deep femoral (profunda femoris) vein joins the femoral vein to form the common femoral vein at about 9 cm below the inguinal ligament. 27 The common femoral vein is medial to the common femoral artery and it becomes the external iliac vein at the level of the inguinal ligament.

How many valves are in the popliteal vein?

Tibial veins are densely packed with valves, whereas there are only one or two valves in the popliteal vein. In the femoral vein there are three to five valves, with one of them located just distal to the junction of the deep femoral vein. There is usually one valve in the common femoral vein.

What are the two divisions of the lateral venous system?

The lateral venous system is drained through multiple small tributaries into the GSV and SSV. Deep veins of the foot form two divisions: the plantar and the dorsal veins.

What is the difference between the saphenous and deep fascia?

The saphenous veins are covered by a fibrous sheath, the saphenous fascia. The saphenous fascia is thinner than the deep fascia and it is more pronounced in the upper-mid thigh, than more distally.113 The space between the saphe-nous and muscular deep fascia is the saphenous compartment. The saphenous compartment is a subcompartment ...

How many perforating veins are there in the lower extremity?

The sciatic vein, the main trunk of the primordial deep venous system, runs along the sciatic nerve. There are as much as 150 perforating veins (PVs) in the lower extremity; however, only a few of these are clinically important.

Which veins are closer to each other than the GSV?

Valves in the SSV are closer to each other than in the GSV. Valves in communicating branches between the SSV and GSV are oriented to direct blood from the small to the great saphenous vein. Similar to superficial veins, deep veins have more valves in the calf than in the thigh.

Facial muscles

Facial muscles permit a large variety of facial expressions, they are used to show surprise, disgust, anger, fear, and other emotions, they are an important means of nonverbal communication, Facial muscles expression includes frontalis, orbicularis oris, laris oculi, buccinator, and zygomaticus.

Anatomy of the face

Under the skin of the face, more than 20 muscles are attached to the bones of the face, as well as to the skin, These muscles are called muscles of facial expression, All the muscles of the face are supplied by the facial nerve.

What is the superficial fascia?

Superficial fascia. The superficial fascia of the hip and thigh is continuous with the fascia of the lower back posteriorly and the fascia of the abdominal region anteriorly. This fascia consists of loose areolar and adipose tissue. In the inguinal region, this fascia splits into two layers to enclose the long saphenous vein ...

Which fascia is denser than its superficial counterpart?

The deep fascia is denser than its superficial counterpart and forms intermuscular septa, which are involved in the formation of muscular compartments. This article will talk about the structure and function of the fasciae of the hip and thigh, followed by any related clinical pathology.

What is the lateral aspect of the thigh?

On the lateral aspect of the thigh, the fascia lata thickens to form the iliotibial tract. Superiorly, the iliotibial tract splits into a superficial and a deep layer. The superficial layer is attached to the iliac crest and descends lateral to the tensor fasciae latae muscle. The deep layer is medial to this muscle and blends with the capsule of the hip joint. Distally, the iliotibial tract blends with the aponeurosis of the vastus lateralis muscle before it attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle, which is located on the anterolateral surface of the lateral tibial condyle.

What is the fascia of the inguinal region?

In the inguinal region, this fascia splits into two layers to enclose the long saphenous vein and superficial inguinal lymph nodes. The superficial fascia is referred to as the cribriform fascia, as it is perforated by the long saphenous vein, lymphatic vessels and by superficial branches of the femoral vein.

Which muscle is thinner, the fascia lata or the superficial stratum?

Over the adductor muscles and posterior aspect of the thigh, the fascia lata is thinner. The fascia lata is split into two layers, which are referred to as the superficial stratum and the deep stratum. The superficial stratum reflects inferolaterally from the pubic tubercle to form the arched falciform margin.

Which muscle is thicker, the gluteus maximus or the deep fascia?

The deep fascia of the hip is thin over the gluteus maximus muscle but thickens over the anterior two-thirds of the gluteus medius muscle to form a strong aponeurosis. This aponeurosis is attached to the lateral aspect of the iliac crest and splits into two parts to enclose the tensor fascia latae and gluteus maximus muscles.

What is the purpose of a femoral vein cannula?

In emergency situations, femoral vein cannulation is one of the most common methods used to gain central venous access , which allows administration of medications and monitoring of central venous pressure.

Which layer of the cervical fascia forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column?

Prevertebral layer. As the name implies, this layer of the deep cervical fascia forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and the muscles (such as the longus colli and longus capitis) associated with the vertebral column.

Which layer of the cervical fascia supports the viscera of the neck?

The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia. These layers of the deep cervical fascia also function to support the viscera of the neck (e.g., the thyroid gland ), muscles, blood and lymphatic vessels, and deep lymph nodes. They also form the carotid sheath that wraps around vessels like the common carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, ...

What is the name of the muscle that is swollen posterior to the sternocleidomastoi

Pus from an abscess posterior to the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia may extend laterally in the neck and form a swelling posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Such pus may perforate the prevertebral layer and enter the retropharyngeal space, producing a bulge in the pharynx, a condition referred to as retropharyngeal abscess ...

What is the investing layer of the cervical spine?

Investing layer. This layer of the deep cervical fascia is a collar of fascia surrounding the whole neck and contains the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The investing layer is comparable to deep fascias of other regions of the body. It is the most superficia l deep fascial layer. At the four midpoints (anterior, posterior ...

Why is the cervical fascia important?

The most significant clinical importance of the cervical fascia is prevention of the spread of pus and debris. However, this function is mainly restricted to the deep cervical fascia which lies closer to the neck viscera and muscles. For example, if an infection occurs between the investing layer of deep cervical fascia and the muscular part ...

What is the purpose of the deep cervical fascia?

Deep cervical fascia. The deep cervical fascia acts to compartmentalize most structures of the neck and prevents the spread of infections. It consists of three fascial layers (or sheaths), which are: The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia.

What is the function of the cervical fascia?

Cervical fascias. “An important function of the cervical fascia is to guide against the spread of pus and debris (abscesses) resulting from diseased or abnormal tissues, however, a potential pathway for spread of infection exists...”. As applies to most walls of several regions of the body, structures making up the neck are surrounded by a layer ...