what type of collection activities would support medical intelligence? course hero

What is medical intelligence?

Medical intelligence as defined by NATO is an intelligence rather than a medical function and may be operationalised for the benefit of national strategic interests. As a domain, it is relatively small within national intelligence structures, but important for its role in global surveillance systems; it is a sector that engages in activity directly relevant to global health, yet maintains firm priorities aligned with strategic security interests rather than any doctrine of health equity or humanitarian action. Nevertheless, this domain is notable for its scope to enhance the conditions and interests with which global health actors outside national security are interested. The role of the medical intelligence sector in the securitisation of disease has been particularly prominent given the particularities of infectious disease in provoking disease outbreaks affecting military operations, as well as communities and countries within which lie various strategic or foreign policy interests. The relatively novel idea that infectious disease cannot only perpetuate conflict, but also precipitate it, is changing the way that policymakers address health within their agendas.

What is the role of intelligence in global health?

In a global health security agenda, the involvement of intelligence structures best occurs to anticipate and evaluate health risks, rather than, as seen in this instance, create them. Harmonising civil–military cooperation in complex humanitarian contexts has long been a cause for debate between the relevant actors. Involving national intelligence structures in a more prominent way within a broadly defined ‘security’ agenda creates a series of contested motives, roles and actions to be integrated into a Global Health Agenda. The implications for global health governance structures are likely to necessitate a greater embrace of securitisation by the WHO, especially as it seeks to demonstrate its relevance to donor nations in the aftermath of its much cited failures during the Ebola response. What this means in practice is, for better or worse, a greater alignment of global health strategy with national and trans-national intelligence sectors and their data sources such as the internet and social media. Non-governmental organisations such as Médecins Sans Frontières will protest the difficulty maintaining the perception of neutrality in this paradigm of global health, although in practice the operating challenges imposed may not differ substantively from existing civil/military concerns.

What is the hidden hand of disease?

William McNeil described disease as ‘the hidden hand throughout history’.1As global populations become ever more linked, health risks to one person rapidly become health risks to entire populations, directly influencing geopolitics and national security.2Securitisation theory can illuminate the political moves that elevate health concerns to global security threats, particularly as defined by the Copenhagen School as the identification of an existential threat to a referent object such as the state, population or global networks of power, i.e. markets.16In this framing, securitisation is a condition of designation by elites rather than a fundamental state of threat. State actors have become increasingly receptive to the concept of disease securitisation, encouraging the development of national bodies established for the purpose of medical intelligence within military and civilian organisations. Indeed, during the process of determining the sustainable development goals, a proposition was made for a goal on Global Health Security. The proposed sustainable development goal 18 was formulated as follows: ‘Take appropriate action to reduce the vulnerability of people around the world to new, acute, or rapidly spreading risks to health, particularly those threatening to cross international borders’.5Although it was not adopted, this proposition highlights the growing agenda to integrate security into modern conceptions of global health.

What was the US National Intelligence Council's report on the Global Disease Threat and its Implications for the?

In 2000, the US National Intelligence Council produced an unique report entitled ‘The Global Disease Threat and its Implications for the United States ’, which was rapidly followed by a White House statement declaring HIV and emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases a national security threat (Kaufman, 2001).10Diseases such as Ebola, HIV, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant streptococci were named as direct threats to the USA rather than diseases that simply affected marginalised or far-away populations.

What is the foundation of a new health agenda?

Medical intelligence, security and global health: the foundations of a new health agenda

Who wrote the book The killing of Bin Laden and the undermining of public health?

13. Deonandan R. The killing of bin Laden and the undermining of public health. Internet J Publ Health2012; 2: 1–1. [Google Scholar]

Is medical intelligence a security field?

Medical intelligence, security and global health are distinct fields that often overlap, especially as the drive towards a global health security agenda gathers pace. Here, we outline some of the ways in which this has happened in the recent past during the recent Ebola epidemic in West Africa and in the killing of Osama Bin laden by US intelligence services. We evaluate medical intelligence and the role it can play in global health security; we also attempt to define a framework that illustrates how medical intelligence can be incorporated into foreign policy action in order delineate the boundaries and scope of this growing field.

What is the name of the intelligence that soldiers were sent up in balloons to gather intelligence about their surroundings?

Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) is sometimes also referred to as photo intelligence (PHOTINT). One of the earliest forms of IMINT took place during the Civil War, when soldiers were sent up in balloons to gather intelligence about their surroundings.

What is intelligence collection discipline?

Intelligence Collection Disciplines. There are five main ways of collecting intelligence that are often referred to as "intelligence collection disciplines" or the "INTs.". Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from human sources. The collection may be done openly, as when FBI agents interview witnesses or suspects, ...

What is the difference between Signals Intelligence and Communications Intelligence?

Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to electronic transmissions that can be collected by ships, planes, ground sites, or satellites. Communications Intelligence (COMINT) is a type of SIGINT and refers to the interception of communications between two parties.

What is telemetry intelligence?

Telemetry Intelligence (TELINT) is sometimes used to indicate data relayed by weapons during tests, while electronic intelligence (ELINT) can indicate electronic emissions picked up from modern weapons and tracking systems . Both TELINT and ELINT can be types of SIGINT and contribute to MASINT. The Defense Intelligence Agency’s Central MASINT Office ...

What is the role of the National Reconnaissance Office?

Today, the National Reconnaissance Office designs, builds, and operates imagery satellites, while the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency is largely responsible for processing and using the imagery. Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) is the analysis and visual representation of security related activities on the earth.

Who collects Humint?

Within the United States, HUMINT collection is the FBI’s responsibility. Beyond U.S. borders, HUMINT is generally collected by the CIA, but also by other U.S. components abroad. Although HUMINT is an important collection discipline for the FBI, we also collect intelligence through other methods, including SIGINT, MASINT, and OSINT.

Why is MASINT important?

Measurement and Signatures Intelligence has become increasingly important due to growing concern about the existence and spread of weapons of mass destruction. MASINT can be used, for example, to help identify chemical weapons or pinpoint the specific features of unknown weapons systems.

What is intelligence collection?

Intelligence collection refers to the means and processes used to gather and ‘collect’information of value. Often depending on the information, the goal of intelligence collection is to gain access to restricted or secret information.

What is human intelligence?

Human Intelligence (HUMINT)is the collection of information from people.

What is the meaning of "delivering intelligence"?

Delivering Intelligence: Tailoring Your Intelligence for the Customer

What is Open Source Intelligence?

Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)refers to the information available in the public domain.

What is the role of medical intelligence?

At the strategic level, the objective of medical intelligence is to identify broad trends in foreign mili- tary and civilian biomedical research and development that could present a threat to national security, such as life science technologies that can be used for either legitimate medical purposes or bioterrorism. While medical intelli- gence analysis has focused on traditional nation-state adversaries such as China, North Korea, Russia, and Iran, highly capable non-state and sub- state actors, such as Hezbollah, play a key role in public health in developing areas. Transnational terrorism poses a persistent threat to American national secu- rity. In particular, the medical threat from terrorists’ use of low-tech weaponry such as so-called radiolog - ical “dirty bombs” must be properly understood.

When was the dividing of medical and scientific intelligence into military and civilian spheres?

sary duplication. On August 14, 1952 , Director of Central Intelligence Directive DCID-3/4 codified dividing the scientific and medical intelligence pro- grams into military and civilian spheres.

What is the NCMI?

Presently, the NCMI serves as the lead DoD activity for the production of medical intelligence responsible for coordinating and preparing “integrated, all-source intelligence for the Department of Defense and other government and international organizations on for- eign health threats and other medical issues to protect U.S. interests worldwide.”

What was the purpose of the captured enemy medical equipment and drugs?

intelligence activities expanded. Captured enemy medical equipment and drugs were examined in order to improve Allied medical care. Enemy medical personnel were interrogated on medical problems within their ranks. Specially briefed medical officers assigned to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) were tasked with collecting intelligence on German biological warfare plans and capabilities and on med - ical conditions inside occupied territory. While lines drawn on military maps might have separated the combatants, nothing prevented the spread of deadly wartime diseases, like epidemic louse-borne typhus, across frontlines. The medical intelligence program rapidly dissi-

Why is intelligence important in war?

intelligence has implications for ‘strategic warning’ because it considers key logistical preparations for combat operations. Foreign armies preparing for war need to mobilize their medical support system and this may provide a specific warning of impending offensive operations. NCMI’s “Medical Science and Technology Divi- sion” examines foreign civilian and military biomed - ical research and development, including human performance modification, vaccinations, drugs, and emerging threats from bioengineered disease-causing microbes, naturally occurring emerging infectious diseases, and drug-resistant pathogens. Identifying the medical threat posed by foreign weapons systems facilitates the development of suitable countermea- sures. The study of foreign medical countermeasures against nuclear, chemical, and biological agents may provide information on adversary intentions.

What was the purpose of the CIA during the Korean War?

During the Korean War, the US intelligence community reorga- nized scientific and technical intelligence activities to clarify lines of responsibility and avoid unneces-

What was the military intelligence division?

At the start of World War II, the Military Intelligence Division (MID) was part of the War Department, General Staff division . broadly responsible for formulating policy and plans related to Army intelligence activities and coordinating with Naval and Army Air Corps Intelligence and the FBI. defense. 3.