The TMN logical layered architecture includes an additional four layers of abstraction:
There are three versions of SNMP, which are versions 1, 2, and 3
EEM is a powerful and flexible subsystem that provides real-time network event detection
Configuration management encompasses the management of actual device configurations
Planning for network upgrades, expansions, or enhancements
A structured or scheduled network maintenance approach is based on predefined plan
Devices can be configured to send SNMP traps or informs to an NMS