Week 2 Teleological-Consequentialist-Decide based on consequence-Eg. utilitarianism Deontological-Principles based-Morals, duties, regardless of consequences-Eg. Kantian Ethics Utilitarianism Pleasure and happiness hold intrinsic value, what we all want and are the ultimate goals of our actions. If it promotes suffering, its bad. The ends justify the means.
Teleological or consequentialist theories Best known theory is utilitarianism It from LAW 200020 at Western Sydney University
Feb 07, 2019 · Teleological and deontological ethics are two opposing ethical theories that determine the moral goodness or badness of an action. The difference between teleological and deontological ethics is that the teleological view is a consequent-based view introduced by Jeremy Bentham while the deontological view is a rule-based view introduced by Immanuel Kant.
Apr 23, 2017 · The ethical approach of consequentialism depends on the notion of producing morally good consequences. But the consequentialist approach, by itself, does not answer the question of what the moral good is. So specific consequentialist theories are partly defined by what they believe to be morally good.
Consequentialism. Consequentialism is a type of teleological theory -- consequentialist theories suggest that the moral value, the moral rightness or wrongness of an act, is entirely a function of the consequences, or the results of that act.
A teleological approach to ethics is based on the concept of seeking a “telos” in ethical decision-making. Telos is a Greek word meaning “end” or “goal”; thus, teleological ethics is concerned with how choices will affect a particular desired moral outcome.Sep 26, 2017
Thus, in teleological ethics, consequences drive the moral decision. For example, most people believe that lying is wrong, but if telling a lie would do no harm and help to make a person happy or save someone, this action would be right in teleological ethics.Feb 7, 2019
Broad (1971) called "self-referential altruism," which says that while people should give some weight to everyone's good, they should care more about that of those who are close to them, such as their family and friends.
You will remember that teleological theories focus on the goal of the ethical action. Consequentialist theories are those that base moral judgements on the outcomes of a decision or an action.
Consequentialism is an ethical theory that judges whether or not something is right by what its consequences are. For instance, most people would agree that lying is wrong. But if telling a lie would help save a person's life, consequentialism says it's the right thing to do.
Modern ethics, especially since the 18th-century German deontological philosophy of Immanuel Kant, has been deeply divided between a form of teleological ethics (utilitarianism) and deontological theories.
Consequentialism = whether an act is morally right depends only on consequences (as opposed to the circumstances or the intrinsic nature of the act or anything that happens before the act).May 20, 2003
Deontology is an approach to ethics which adheres to the theory that an end does not justify the means while teleology is an approach to ethics that adheres to the theory that the end always justifies the means. ... Deontology is also known as duty-based ethics while teleology is also known as results-oriented ethics.
Consequentialism and Deontological theories are two of the main theories in ethics. However, consequentialism focuses on judging the moral worth of the results of the actions and deontological ethics focuses on judging the actions themselves. Consequentialism focuses on the consequences or results of an action.
There are two broad schools of ethical theory: consequentialism and non-consequentialism. According to consequentialism, the right act is that act which has the best consequences. According to non-consequentialism, the rightness of an action is not solely determined by its consequences.Dec 3, 2019
According to consequentialism, the consequences of an action determine whether that action was moral. So we are judging the outcome, not the action itself. The other side of this is non-consequentialism, in which actions are moral if they adhere to moral law.Nov 10, 2021
Teleological ethics is a theory according to which the rightness of an act is determined by its outcome. In fact, the word teleological comes from Greek telos, meaning end or goal, and logos meaning science. Thus, teleological theories focus on the consequences of actions; in other words, this theorizes that our actions being morally right ...
The key difference between teleological and deontological ethics is that the teleological ethics determines the goodness or badness of an action by examining its consequences whereas deontological ethics determines the goodness or badness of the action by examining the action itself.
Deontological is an approach to ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, instead of examining its consequences or any other considerations. Thus, this is a non-consequential theory as the decision of whether an act is good or bad does not depend on its consequence. Here, action drives the moral decision.
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We often associate deontology with philosopher Immanuel Kant, who was of the view that ethical actions follow universal moral laws, such as don’t cheat, don’t steal and don’t lie. Hence, deontology requires people to follow the rules and do their duty. Also, this theory avoids subjectivity and uncertainty.
There are many different types of consequentialism that people can adopt. Consequentialist theories can be divided into types in three major ways. The first way is in what exactly it is about human practices that is being morally evaluated. A theory can evaluate individual actions–this is called act consequentialism.
The second major way consequentialist theories can be divided is by “whose consequences” count as morally relevant. That is, what beings are directly morally relevant in evaluating the consequences of a practice.
Other qualities that Aristotle considers virtues, include truthfulness, magnanimity, modesty, and pride.
The reason philosophers may want to consider the alternatives to actual consequences as the relevant type, is that people are not omniscient and can’t predict the future consequences of actions perfectly. So it doesn’t necessarily seem right to morally judge a decision, that was made at a given time and with a limited state of knowledge, by all of the actual consequences that followed. It would seem that one is saying that a person whose action produced bad consequences due to factors outside his possible knowledge was acting immorally. So, with “actual consequentialism,” people will sometimes be judged as acting immorally because they are not infallible predictors of the future. This tends to go against common-sense ideas of what morality demands.
There are three major categories of ethical systems that students typically learn about in philosophy classes: consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics. I will describe all of them briefly, then describe each one of them in more detail, pointing out their defining features and major variants. I’ll then discuss the nature of Objectivist Ethical Egoism and how it compares and contrasts with each of these types of ethics.
Objectivism holds that the governmental protection of rights– as Ayn Rand described them–is necessary for the flourishing of human life in a society. This is due to the particularly destructive nature of force to the lives of individuals other than the perpetrator.
The Ethical Theories: Brief Summary. Consequentialism names a type of ethical theory that judges human practices, like actions or rules, based on their consequences. Human practices that produce good consequences are morally right, while ones that produce bad consequences are morally wrong.
Consequentialism. Consequentialism is a type of teleological theory -- consequentialist theories suggest that the moral value, the moral rightness or wrongness of an act, is entirely a function of the consequences, or the results of that act.
Teleology, Consequentialism, and Utility. Teleology. Telos is a Greek word for "end", or goal. Not end as in the "end of the road", but as in "the end which we seek.". Teleological ethical theories are theories which describe our responsibilities and obligations in terms of our attainment of certain goals, or ends.
There are two broad categories of ethical theories concerning the source of value: consequentialist and non-consequentialist. A consequentialist theory of value judges the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences that action has. The most familiar example would be utilitarianism--``that action is best ...
Consequentialism, as its name suggests, is simply the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. This historically important and still popular theory embodies the basic intuition that what is best or right is whatever makes ...
Consequentialist moral theories that focus on actual or objectively probable consequences are often described as objective consequentialism (Railton 1984). In contrast, consequentialist moral theories that focus on intended or foreseen consequences are usually described as subjective consequentialism .
The paradigm case of consequentialism is utilitarianism, whose classic proponents were Jeremy Bentham (1789), John Stuart Mill (1861), and Henry Sidgwick (1907). (For predecessors, see Schneewind 1997, 2002.) Classic utilitarians held hedonistic act consequentialism. Act consequentialism is the claim that an act is morally right if and only if that act maximizes the good, that is, if and only if the total amount of good for all minus the total amount of bad for all is greater than this net amount for any incompatible act available to the agent on that occasion. (Cf. Moore 1912, chs. 1–2.) Hedonism then claims that pleasure is the only intrinsic good and that pain is the only intrinsic bad.
In actual usage, the term “consequentialism” seems to be used as a family resemblance term to refer to any descendant of classic utilitarianism that remains close enough to its ancestor in the important respects. Of course, different philosophers see different respects as the important ones.
Even if consequentialists can accommodate or explain away common moral intuitions, that might seem only to answer objections without yet giving any positive reason to accept consequentialism. However, most people begin with the presumption that we morally ought to make the world better when we can. The question then is only whether any moral constraints or moral options need to be added to the basic consequentialist factor in moral reasoning. (Kagan 1989, 1998) If no objection reveals any need for anything beyond consequences, then consequences alone seem to determine what is morally right or wrong, just as consequentialists claim.
Some moral theorists seek a single simple basic principle because they assume that simplicity is needed in order to decide what is right when less basic principles or reasons conflict. This assumption seems to make hedonism attractive. Unfortunately, however, hedonism is not as simple as they assume, because hedonists count both pleasures and pains. Pleasure is distinct from the absence of pain, and pain is distinct from the absence of pleasure, since sometimes people feel neither pleasure nor pain, and sometimes they feel both at once. Nonetheless, hedonism was adopted partly because it seemed simpler than competing views.
If foreseen consequences are what matter, then Bob’s act is not morally wrong. If foreseeable consequences are what matter, then Bob’s act is morally wrong, because the bad consequences were foreseeable.
The term "consequentialism" was coined by Elizabeth Anscombe (1919 - 2001) in her 1958 essay "Modern Moral Philosophy", as a pejorative description of what she saw as the central error of certain moral theories (she was a Virtue Ethicist ). It then came to be adopted by both sides of the argument.
Consequentialism (or Teleological Ethics) is an approach to Ethics that argues that the morality of an action is contingent on the action's outcome or consequence. Thus, a morally right action is one that produces a good outcome or result, and the consequences of an action or rule generally outweigh all other considerations (i.e. the ends justify the means ).
Teleology is the classical term for ethical theories that focus on outcomes, or ends, to determine correct ethical action. (Ferrell) Teleology comes from the Greek words “ telos ” meaning, “end” and “logos” meaning, science. Before Anscombe, utilitarianism was the more general term for ethical theories associated with teleology, ...
Consequentialism is a normative ethical theory, which means, it is a theory about ethical action and a proposed method for deciding how one should choose the right ethical act. (Feiser) Consequentialism says that the consequences of an action are all that matter when taking an ethical decision to act.
The word consequence is selected carefully and it is possible to make a distinction between the word itself and synonyms such as, results or outcomes. (Haynes) The word result or outcome is more commonly understood to mean the product of an action directly and inevitably follows from that action.
Today, consequentialism is the most widely accepted umbrella term, containing distinguishable sub-categories with a broadening of desired outcomes. To summarize concisely, consequentialism evaluates actions based solely on weighing the consequences of the action against a desired outcome. Types of Consequentialism.
Virtue ethics examines a decision in the context of one’s character, but there is some debate as to what dispositions are virtues. We can apply consequentialism systematically. If we assign a numerical value to consequences, we can reach an ethical decision through mathematical evaluation.
Definition. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist moral theory focused on maximizing the overall good; the good of others as well as the good of one’s self. The notable thinkers associated with utilitarianism are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
These utilitarians are hedonistic, meaning, their ideas of good are associated with pleasure or happiness. (Driver) Thus, classical utilitarianism guides ethical decision makers to make decisions that bring the most pleasure for the greatest number of people.