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Jun 08, 2017 · d. It converts RNA into double- stranded DNA. ANS: D One particular family of viruses, retroviruses (e.g., HIV) carries an enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which creates a double-stranded DNA version of the virus. PTS: 1 REF: Page 324 14.
Aug 05, 2015 · What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? a. Reverse transcriptase converts single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA. b. It is needed to produce integrase. c. It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. …
What is the role of reverse transcriptase? (p 312) a. Viral enzyme that retroviruses, such as HIV, use to convert RNA into double-stranded DNA b. Converts single stranded double stranded c. Vital integrase inserts viral DNA into the infected cell’s DNA, where it may remain dormant
Mar 27, 2017 · Question : What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? Student Answer: It converts single DNA into double-stranded DNA. It is needed to produce integrase. It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.
An enzyme found in HIV (and other retroviruses). HIV uses reverse transcriptase (RT) to convert its RNA into viral DNA, a process called reverse transcription. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) prevent HIV from replicating by blocking RT.
Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells to extend the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes.
HIV uses its reverse transcriptase enzyme to convert RNA into proviral DNA inside the cell.
A retrovirus is a virus whose genes are encoded in RNA, and, using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, replicates itself by first reverse-coding its genes into the DNA of the cells it infects.Jul 23, 2020
Reverse transcriptase drives the opposite way in molecular processes in cells, converting RNA back to DNA. Although it is very different from the normal process, reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme. It is needed for function in viruses, eukaryotes and prokaryotes.Sep 15, 2021
Listen to pronunciation. (ree-VERS tran-SKRIP-shun) In biology, the process in cells by which an enzyme makes a copy of DNA from RNA. The enzyme that makes the DNA copy is called reverse transcriptase and is found in retroviruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
After a retrovirus enters a host cell, reverse transcriptase converts the retroviral RNA genome into double-stranded DNA. This viral DNA then migrates to the nucleus and becomes integrated into the host genome.
-Retroviruses are equipped with an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which makes a DNA copy of an RNA template, providing information flow from RNA to DNA. The human immunodeficiency virus infects cells of the human immune system.
Envelope - Many types of virus have a glycoprotein envelope surrounding the nucleocapsid. The envelope is composed of two lipid layers interspersed with protein molecules (lipoprotein bilayer) and may contain material from the membrane of a host cell as well as that of viral origin.
In its infective form, outside the cell, a virus particle is called a virion. Each virion contains at least one unique protein synthesized by specific genes in its nucleic acid. Viroids (meaning "viruslike") are disease-causing organisms that contain only nucleic acid and have no structural proteins.
All viruses contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (but not both), and a protein coat, which encases the nucleic acid. Some viruses are also enclosed by an envelope of fat and protein molecules.
A number of complications, such as the onset of bronchitis and pneumonia, can also occur in association with influenza and are especially common among the elderly, young children, and anyone with a suppressed immune system.
Viruses are not plants, animals, or bacteria, but they are the quintessential parasites of the living kingdoms. Although they may seem like living organisms because of their prodigious reproductive abilities, viruses are not living organisms in the strict sense of the word. Without a host cell, viruses cannot carry out their life-sustaining ...
Hero Images / Getty Images. Epzicom was approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004. Despite its ease of use and proven efficacy, Epzicom may cause severe and potentially life-threatening side effects in some people.
Each Epzicom tablet contains 600 milligrams (mg) of abacavir and 200 mg of lamivudine. The tablets are oblong, orange, film coated, and embossed with "GS FC2" on one side only.
Epzicom may be used as a first-line treatment of HIV, although it is more often used as an alternative to preferred first-line agents. If abacavir and lamivudine are used, they are more likely to be prescribed in the three-in-one HIV drug Triumeq (abacavir + dolutegravir + lamivudine). 3
The FDA has issued several black box warnings ad vising consumers and health care professionals about potentially serious risks associated with Epzicom. The warnings are based on prior experience with abacavir and lamivudine among people with HIV over the course of 20-plus years.
There are several drugs that can interact with abacavir or lamivudine. In some cases, these interactions may increase or decrease the concentration of abacavir or lamivudine; in others, it may increase or decrease the concentration of the coadministered drug.
The artificial sweetener sorbitol can reduce the concentration of lamivudine in the bloodstream. The effect appears to be dose dependent, with a higher intake of sorbitol translating to a greater loss of lamivudine in the bloodstream. Whenever possible, avoid taking sorbitol (or laxatives containing sorbitol) at the same time as Epzicom. 14
Alcohol can decrease the rate at which abacavir is excreted from the body. This can lead to increased blood concentrations and, in turn, an increased risk of side effects, including headache, loss of appetite, and nausea. Reduced alcohol intake can mitigate this effect. 13
In addition, maraviroc is generally reserved for salvage therapy, since the likelihood of X4-tropic HIV increases as patients develop more advanced immunosuppression. Thus, maraviroc is not an option for many treatment-experienced patients with advanced disease.
Maraviroc is currently the only FDA-approved agent in the CCR5 antagonist class and the only antiretroviral medication that acts by blocking or inhibiting a host protein or receptor, rather than a viral target. The entry of HIV into host cells requires HIV initially binding to the CD4 receptor followed by binding to either the CCR5 receptor or ...