[2] Analyzing classic studies of the genetics of schizophrenia done as early as in 1930s, Fischer concludes that a concordance rate for psychosis of about 50% in monozygotic twins seems to be a realistic estimate, which is significantly higher than that in dizygotic twins of about 10–19%.
Concordance, as used in genetics, usually means the presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins. However, the strict definition is the probability that a pair of individuals will both have a certain characteristic, given that one of the pair has the characteristic.
Terms in this set (6) The higher the concordance rate, the more similar pairs of persons are within a sample. When concordance rates are higher among MZ than DZ twins, this indicates that the basis for the trait is partly genetic.
Since MZ twins are genetically identical, as compared with DZ twins who only share, on average, half of their genomes, a greater concordance rate, that is, a greater phenotypic similarity, in MZ twins than in DZ twins is likely due to greater genetic similarity.
The concordance rate is the number of subjects that are concordant over the total number of subjects assessed. As can be seen in Figure 1, the concordance rate is calculated by adding the diagonal counts and dividing by the total number of subjects assessed.
the percentage of pairs of twins or other blood relatives who exhibit a particular trait or disorder.
To form identical or monozygotic twins, one fertilised egg (ovum) splits and develops into two babies with exactly the same genetic information. To form fraternal or dizygotic twins, two eggs (ova) are fertilised by two sperm and produce two genetically unique children.
MZ twins develop when one egg is fertilised by a single sperm and during the first two weeks after conception, the developing embryo splits into two. As a result, two, genetically identical babies develop. DZ twins occur when two eggs are released at a single ovulation and are fertilised by two different sperm.
Monozygotic and dizygotic twin concordances are approximately 85% and 50%, respectively, for reading, and 70% and 50% for mathematics.
con·cor·dance rate A high rate of concordance may be generated in several ways, many of which may result from irrelevant bias; but broadly it is taken as evidence of causal connection (for example, in the case of identical twins, a genetic component or in spouses of assortative mating).
Bipolar disorder has a strong genetic component with high monozygotic twin concordance and estimates of heritability from population-based twin samples reported as high as 93% (Kieseppa, Partonen, Haukka, Kaprio, & Lonnqvist, 2004).
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