Full Answer
Definition
Shock is defined as a condition in which peripheral tissues and end organs do not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. While it is sometimes used interchangeably with severe hypotension, shock does not only occur in the setting of severely low blood pressure. Importantly, the body will attempt to compensate for shock throu…
Signs and symptoms
- Distributive shock is difficult to recognize because the signs and symptoms vary greatly depending on the etiology. Common symptoms include tachypnea, tachycardia, low to normal blood pressure, decreased urine output, and decreased level of consciousness.
Classification
- Distributive shock is further categorized into warm and cold shock. If the person is experiencing warm shock, they commonly will have warm, erythematous peripheral skin and a wide pulse pressure in the setting of hypotension. If the person is experiencing cold shock, they commonly will have pale, vasoconstricted skin and narrow pulse pressure hypot...
Pathophysiology
- Cardiogenic shock is caused by inadequate contractility of the heart. One of the key differences between hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock is the work of breathing. In both cases, there will be tachypnea, but in hypovolemic shock the effort of breathing is only mildly increased. However in cardiogenic shock, the work of breathing is often significantly increased as evidenced by grunts…
Causes
- Obstructive shock is similar to cardiogenic shock in that the impaired heart function is the primary abnormality. In cardiogenic shock, the contractility is impaired; but in obstructive shock, the heart is prevented from contracting appropriately. Common causes of obstructive shock are cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, congenital heart malformations, and pulmonary embolism. …
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