what is the course deductive logic about

What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning?

Deductive Logic Course description Logic is the study of valid argumentation. A valid argument is one whose conclusion is implied by its premises.

What makes a deductive argument logical?

Jun 21, 2017 · This Course. Video Transcript. Deductive arguments are supposed to be valid in the sense that the premises guarantee that the conclusion is true. In this course, you will learn how to use truth-tables and Venn diagrams to represent the information contained in the premises and conclusion of an argument so that you can determine whether or not the argument is …

What are the best examples of deductive reasoning?

“In deductive logic, inference leads from a set of premises to a conclusion just as certain as the premises. If the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false. With respect to induction, the situation is entirely different. The truth of an inductive conclusion is never certain.

What professions use deductive reasoning?

Nov 01, 2020 · Logic—the reasonableness conferred on an argument’s conclusion by its premises. In an argument that is logically successful the conclusion follows from the premises—or, to put it differently, the premises support the conclusion. In deductive arguments, this is strictly a matter of the fit of the conclusion to the premises.

What is deductive logic class?

In this course, you will learn how to use truth-tables and Venn diagrams to represent the information contained in the premises and conclusion of an argument so that you can determine whether or not the argument is deductively valid.

What is the course logic about?

About this Course It shows how to encode information in the form of logical sentences; it shows how to reason with information in this form; and it provides an overview of logic technology and its applications - in mathematics, science, engineering, business, law, and so forth.

What is deductive reasoning in education?

Definition. According to commonly accepted notions, deductive reasoning is the process of inferring conclusions from known information (premises) based on formal logic rules, where conclusions are necessarily derived from the given information and there is no need to validate them by experiments.

What is an example of deductive logic?

Examples of deductive logic: All men are mortal. Joe is a man. Therefore Joe is mortal. If the first two statements are true, then the conclusion must be true.

What is symbolic logic used for?

(4) Symbolic logic is useful for analyzing the theoretical limits of ideal digital computers. Symbolic logic techniques can be used to establish what functions a computer can and cannot compute (in principle, that is, with no limits on the size of memory or the amount of time available).

What are the benefits of studying logic?

Logic Helps You Spot Fallacies & Makes You a Better Citizen Familiarity with common fallacies of this sort helps make you a more critical reader, listener, and thinker.Sep 3, 2019

What is deductive learning?

Deductive learning is a more instructor-centered approach to education. Concepts and generalizations are introduced first to learners, followed by specific examples and activities to support learning. Lessons are generally conducted in lecture form with minimal dialogue between educators and their learners.

What deductive means?

Definition of deductive 1 : of, relating to, or provable by deriving conclusions by reasoning : of, relating to, or provable by deduction (see deduction sense 2a) deductive principles. 2 : employing deduction in reasoning conclusions based on deductive logic.Mar 5, 2022

Why is deductive reasoning important?

Deductive reasoning is an important skill that can help you think logically and make meaningful decisions in the workplace. This mental tool enables professionals to come to conclusions based on premises assumed to be true or by taking a general assumption and turning it into a more specific idea or action.Jun 29, 2021

What is the best example of deductive reasoning?

With this type of reasoning, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. Logically Sound Deductive Reasoning Examples: All dogs have ears; golden retrievers are dogs, therefore they have ears. All racing cars must go over 80MPH; the Dodge Charger is a racing car, therefore it can go over 80MPH.May 16, 2021

What is deduction research?

To deduce means to draw logical conclusions by a process of reasoning; deduction is the process of reasoning by which logical conclusions are drawn from a set of general premises.Jan 1, 2011

What is an example of deductive research?

For example, "All spiders have eight legs. A tarantula is a spider. Therefore, tarantulas have eight legs." For deductive reasoning to be sound, the hypothesis must be correct. It is assumed that the statements, "All spiders have eight legs" and "a tarantula is a spider" are true.Dec 7, 2021

How does Reichenbach distinguish deductive and inductive logic?

Reichenbach distinguishes deductive and mathematical logic from inductive logic: the former deals with the relations between tautologies, whereas the latter deals with truth in the sense of truth in reality. Deductive and mathematical logic are built on an axiomatic system. Whether the axioms are true of the world is open to question, and only of secondary interest in the deduction of mathematical theorems. Reichenbach admits that we appear unable to think other than by adhering to certain logical inferences, but that does not make deductive logic necessarily true of the world. We similarly appear quite unable to think of real space in terms of anything but Euclidean space, even though we know since Einstein (and the results of various crucial experiments) that real space is not Euclidean.

What are the two types of logic?

Rudolf Carnap distinguishes two types of logic: inductive and deductive. All laws, in his opinion, are based on the observation of certain regularities. What justifies us in going from the direct observation of facts to a law? This is recognized as ‘the problem of induction’. “In deductive logic, inference leads from a set of premises to a conclusion just as certain as the premises. If the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false. With respect to induction, the situation is entirely different. The truth of an inductive conclusion is never certain. Even if the premises are assumed to be true and the inference is a valid inductive inference, the conclusion may be false. The most we can say is that, with respect to given premises, the conclusion has a certain degree of probability.” (R. Carnap).

When did Richard Whately publish his new logical text?

When the onset of the mathematization of logic set in, a long period of contemptuous neglect in the study of deductive logic had already been brought to an end. The turning point came in 1826 when Richard Whately (1787–1863) published a new logical text, [Whately, [1827] 1975 ], based on an essay on logic published in 1823 in the Encyclopedia Metropolitana. The book attracted considerable and sustained interest from his contemporaries. Whately did not produce any remarkable result in logic and has been, on this score, described as a minor figure in the 19th century upheaval that transformed logic. In spite of this fact, it is generally agreed that he was a figure of great historical importance, the proper bearer of the often quoted description ‘the restorer of logical study in England’ that De Morgan bestowed on him.

What happens if the premises are true?

In the traditional logic, if the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false. In modem deductive logic we deal with the negation of the conclusion. If the conclusion is wrong, then the assumptions cannot be all correct.

What are the strengths of the standard model?

One of strengths of the standard model is that, with its reliance on hypothetico- deductive logic and falsificationism, it offers a foundation for valid inference. However, Kuhn's early critique of the modern model of the experimental method concluded that the model did not correspond well to what real scientists actually do. Instead of the systematic development and testing of hypotheses, scientists seemed to be more opportunistic in conducting experiments.

What is the logical interpretation of probability?

The logical interpretation regards probability as an epistemic notion pertaining to our knowledge of facts rather than to facts themselves. Compared to the “classical” epistemic view of probability forged by Pierre Simon de Laplace, this approach stresses the logical aspect of probability, and regards the theory of probability as part of logic.

What is qualitative analysis in sociology?

Qualitative analysis in sociology, then, cannot be understood apart from the fundamental assumption that the social world is constituted by the meaning-making practices of social actors. Nor can it be understood apart from the way interpretive sociologists conceive of the research process. In contrast to positivism, which is based on a deductive logic of collecting data to assess preconceived models, hypotheses, or theories, qualitative analysis proceeds largely on the basis of analytic induction. Using inductive reasoning, explanations for social phenomena arise from the data rather than from preconceived categories that force the empirical social world into the operational definitions that researchers construct. Rather than formulating theories that are tested against the social world, qualitative researchers use a “grounded theory” approach, relying on their observations of the social world to generate theory. The theories they construct are consistent with what they see.

What is the difference between inductive and deductive logic?

Deductive logic is sometimes referred to as demonstrative or apodictic logic ( apodictic is from a Greek word for demonstrative) while inductive logic is sometimes referred to as nondemonstrative or ampliative logic ( ampliative because the conclusion amplifies, or adds to , the premises).

What is the logic of an argument?

Logic —the reasonableness conferred on an argument’s conclusion by its premises. In an argument that is logically successful the conclusion follows from the premises —or, to put it differently, the premises support the conclusion. In deductive arguments, this is strictly a matter of the fit of the conclusion to the premises.

What is validity counterexample?

Validity counterexamples can be a powerful tool. In this book you will be introduced only to the most common deductive forms. With this tool in hand, you will not only be able to see vividly the invalidity of the invalid ones in the book, but you will also be in the position to evaluate the logic of any deductive argument not included in the book.

What is an inductive argument?

Alternatively toward apodictic or demonstrative argument. An argument in which the premises are intended merely to count toward, or make probable, the conclusion. To determine whether the logic of an inductive argument is successful, a good rule of thumb is to ask these questions:

Is a deductive argument logically successful?

Since a deductive argument is one in which the premises are intended to guarantee the conclusion, a logically successful deductive argument is one in which this guarantee is achieved. In looking at a particular argument, does it seem as though the argument’s conclusion would be made certain if the premises were assumed to be true? Then, chances are, you are looking at a deductive argument that is logically successful. That is the case with this argument:

Is the mind divisible?

Consider an argument from the philosopher Descartes; the question is whether your mind is nothing more than a part of your body: If mind and body are one and the same, then mind (like body) is divisible. However, the mind cannot be divided into parts.

Is the "both and" statement true?

Both–and statements are also usually straightforward. If you are almost certain of each part that it is true, then you should judge the both –and statement as almost certainly true. If even one part is almost certainly false, then the both –and statement is almost certainly false.

What is deductive reasoning?

Deductive reasoning, also known as top-down logic or dedution, is the process of reaching a conclusion based on statements that are assumed as true. You may recognize this as an if and then statement. For example:

Deductive reasoning vs. inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning, also known as bottom-up reasoning, is where you take general observations to draw a conclusion. With inductive reasoning, the conclusion drawn is only probably, but may not always be true. An example of inductive reasoning is as follows:

When to use deductive reasoning

There are many scenarios at work where deductive reasoning is useful. The primary use for deductive reasoning is problem solving. By stating a hypothesis and testing it, employees are learning what the solution is for that particular issue. Other uses for deductive reasoning include:

Tips for improving your logic and reasoning skills

Break problems into smaller chunks – the practice of breaking down problems into smaller parts can help with isolating out what are premises and what is the conclusion. Understanding these parts can help you determine whether the statement is true or not.

Deductive Logic (PHIL07)

Different introductory logic courses are taught in different ways. Knowing a little about how what a particular version of "Deductive Logic" involves can help you to decide if it's the sort of thing you're looking for.

Welcome!

Different introductory logic courses are taught in different ways. Knowing a little about how what a particular version of "Deductive Logic" involves can help you to decide if it's the sort of thing you're looking for.

What is deductive logic?

Deductive logic is referred to as top-down logic, drawing conclusions through the elimination or examination of the disaggregated elements of a situation. Think about the simple example of the profit of a company, which equals revenue minus costs. Let’s say a company’s profit is declining, yet their revenues are increasing.

What are the strengths of strategic leaders?

One of the core strengths of strategic leaders is the high-quality logic they apply to problems and situations. Regarding inductive and deductive logic, most of the time people use inductive logic. They take a few thoughts or facts and create hypotheses. Typically, what most people need to build up is their deductive logic.

Structure

The courses in logic at Harvard cover all of the major areas of mathematical logic—proof theory, recursion theory, model theory, and set theory—and, in addition, there are courses in closely related areas, such as the philosophy and foundations of mathematics, and theoretical issues in the theory of computation.

Brown

An introduction to the 'limitative' theorems of deductive logic, including the undecidability of first-order logic, the Gödel incompleteness theorems, and the arithmetical undefinability of arithmetical truth. Intended as a sequel to PHIL 1630; previous participation in either that course or one of similar content is strongly recommended.

BU

The syntax and semantics of sentential and quantificational logic, culminating in the Gödel Completeness Theorem. The Gödel Incompleteness Theorem and its ramifications for computability and philosophy. Location TBD, TR 11-12:30.