Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts. Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole. Some specializations within each of these sciences follow: Gross (macroscopic) anatomy is the study of body parts visible to the naked eye, such as the heart or bones.
A tissue is a group of similar cells performing a common function. Muscle tissue , for example, consists of muscle cells. An organ is a group of different kinds of tissues working together to perform a particular activity. The heart is an organ composed of muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial tissues. An organ system is two ...
Gross (macroscopic) anatomy is the study of body parts visible to the naked eye, such as the heart or bones. Histology is the study of tissues at the microscopic level. Cytology is the study of cells at the microscopic level. Neurophysiology is the study of how the nervous system functions. Living systems can be defined from various perspectives, ...
The digestive system, for example, involves the coordinated activities of many organs, including the mouth, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. An organism is a system possessing the characteristics of living things—the ability to obtain and process energy, the ability to respond to environmental changes, ...
In response, specialized cells in the pancreas (alpha cells) secrete the hormone insulin, which circulates through the blood and stimulates liver and muscle cells to absorb the glucose. Once blood glucose levels return to normal, insulin secretion stops.
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