what is overselectivity? course hero

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What is extra stimulus prompting?

Extra-stimulus prompting is an additional prompt presented simultaneously to the stimuli being trained. For example, pointing to a picture of the word "cat" in an array of three target words, such as "cup", "cat", and "car" would be a common strategy to teach an individual with autism to identify the correct stimuli from an array of similar items (in this case, sight words begininning with the letter c). The idea is that by pointing to the correct item, the learner may be able to naturally identify the relevant differences in the stimuli by seeing the "correct" item in comparison to the "incorrect" stimuli. This supposes a lot, and the early literature generally found this approach ineffective ( Koegel and Rincover, 1976; Schreibman, 1975) - to be fair, many participants are identified as "stimulus overselective" only after extensive training with extra-stimulus prompts has been conducted to not effect.

Is stimulus overselectivity high?

The incidence rate of stimulus overselectivity has been described as very high in the population of those diagnosed with ASD. If you are someone who has worked in the field of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), chances are you've at some time encountered an individual who has exhibited stimulus overselectivity. Since the original formalization of the term by Lovaas & Schreibman in 1971, many analysts have reported very high incidence rates in a variety of research published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. It should be noted that, in 1971, the majority of individuals diagnosed with autism were on the more severe end of the spectrum as it is understood today. In 2013, the DSM-V redefined ASD to encompass the previous diagnoses of Asperger Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. As the criteria for diagnosis broadened and our understanding of autism has refined, many individuals now meet the criteria for ASD and it is possible that the original prevalence rates suggested by early literature are out of date.