what is introduction to logic course

Full Answer

Why to study logic?

Why Analyzing Arguments Is Good for You

1. Studying basic symbolic logic is like learning a new language, albeit one with a small vocabulary and just a few rules of grammar.
2. Logic is essentially the study of reasoning or argumentation. We use reason all the time to draw inferences that are useful to us.
3. The art of persuasion is called rhetoric. ...

More items...

What are the branches of logic?

• Classical Logic / Boolean Logic — 2-valued logic (i.e. true / false)
• a couple of 3-Value Logic systems — interpretation of either unknown or inconsistent
• Vectored Logic (including Paraconsistent Logics) — Logic that could require multiple dimensions itself

What are some examples of logic?

LOGIC: STATEMENTS, NEGATIONS, QUANTIFIERS, TRUTH TABLES STATEMENTS A statement is a declarative sentence having truth value. Examples of statements: Today is Saturday. Today I have math class. 1 + 1 = 2 3 < 1 What's your sign? Some cats have fleas. All lawyers are dishonest. Today I have math class and today is Saturday. 1 + 1 = 2 or 3 < 1

What is a good introduction to philosophy?

Review Questions:

• How does dialectic differ from debate?
• What is it for a claim to be true? ...
• Explain our everyday concept of truth in terms of correspondence.
• What is an argument? ...
• What does it mean for the premises of an argument to support its conclusion, and what are the two standards of support?

More items...

What is a logic course?

Logic is the study of formal and informal reasoning. Originally a branch of philosophy, logic has also become a mathematical discipline, a tool of modern linguistics, the core of computer science and an object of study for psychologists and cognitive scientists of every description.

What do logic courses teach?

You learn to do all sorts of things with these new symbols: use them to analyze the logic of ordinary sentences, test arguments for validity, and construct proofs for complex arguments for which the validity isn't obvious.

Is logic a difficult course?

Logic courses can be a very challenging but enjoyable class. Yes, whether you like the class matters, and students who enjoy logic puzzles will probably love diving into the depths of their homework and, later, LSAT formal logic.

What is the purpose of logic class?

Studying Logic Develops Critical Thinking Skills These same critical thinking skills practiced in logic can also be applied to sound decision-making, a skill every parent wants their child to develop. Finally, it's important to study logic to become an effective communicator.

How important is logic learning to you as a student in education?

First, logic empowers and enables students with the ability to take what information they are given and build upon it. Second, it is the cornerstone of math. Lastly, logical reasoning encourages students to think for themselves, experiment, and even ask the big, out-of-the-box questions.

Why is logic so important?

Why is logic so important? The answer is that logic helps us better understand good arguments—it helps us differentiate between good and bad reasons to believe something. We should want to have well-justified beliefs. We want to know what we should believe.

How do you pass a logic class?

Treat Logic Class As A Class If you want to pass your logic class, you'll still need to do the basics: attend class, do your reading, and complete all the homework. If you are already afraid of the subject matter, avoiding it, will only make it harder.

What subject does logic fall under?

Logic is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science.

PredictionX: John Snow and the Cholera Epidemic of 1854

An in-depth look at the 1854 London cholera epidemic in Soho and its importance for the field of epidemiology.

PredictionX: Omens, Oracles & Prophecies

An overview of divination systems, ranging from ancient Chinese bone burning to modern astrology.

The Health Effects of Climate Change

Learn how global warming impacts human health, and the ways we can diminish those impacts.

Introduction to Logic

Society often values majority opinion and personal attacks over solid argumentation. This course explores logic, the science of reasoning, and will teach you how to evaluate arguments using informal logic—the analysis of language-based arguments—and formal logic—the analysis and validation of arguments by means of symbolic notation.

Course Materials

Students should bring basic school supplies like pens, notebooks, and folders to their summer program. You will be notified of any additional items needed before the course begins. All other materials will be provided by CTY.

Sample Reading

These titles have been featured in past sessions of the course, and may be included this summer. CTY provides students with all texts; no purchase is required.

Enhance your critical thinking skills

Expand your ability to reason through difficult problems by taking one of our philosophy or logic classes.

Explore social justice in action

Develop knowledge and skills that will help you address issues of systemic inequality throughout the world. Learn about social movements that have created both positive and negative societal changes in Dissent. Challenge historical assumptions about gender to interrogate harmful stereotypes in Beyond the Binary.

Meet our instructors and staff

My favorite thing about teaching at CTY is watching the students' curiosity and excitement lead their learning. It's exciting as an instructor to witness their confidence increase and watch as their 'aha' moments manifest into increased knowledge and mastery of the content.

Description

This course is designed to help students focus on critical thinking to develop the skills for making sound arguments and for evaluating the arguments of others in order to recognize the difference between arbitrary and well-reasoned judgments.

Instructor

My name is Justin Ryan Carver. I have listed my credentials below. I am an educator that loves to learn and to teach. I have spent a number of years teaching at the community college level and hope to be able to assist learners along their academic and professional journey on a global scale.

Who developed truth functional logic?

Learn about truth-functional logic, pioneered in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by the German philosopher Gottlob Frege. This approach addresses the behavior of truth-functional connectives, such as not," "and," "or," and "if" —and ...

What is circular reasoning?

Circular reasoning uses a conclusion as a premise. Begging the question invokes the connotative power of language as a substitute for evidence. Equivocation changes the meaning of terms in the middle of an argument. And distinction without a difference attempts to contrast two positions that are identical.

Do you have to order a transcript book?

No, we don't sell the Guidebook separately. However, we do sell a Transcript Book, which contains everything in the Guidebook plus the word-for-word version of each lecture. The cost is $25 plus $10 shipping and handling plus applicable state/local sales taxes. To order, call our Customer Contact Center at 800-832-2412, 9am-10pm M-F and 9am-5pm Sat/Sun EST.

Who gave the first extensive treatment of logic that has survived?

Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) gave the first extensive treatment of logic that has survived. A book calledthe Prior Analytics discusses syllogisms. Another book, the Posterior Analytics, covers the qualitiesof a demonstration: we should start from known principles, we should not argue in a circle, and weshould ideally show why our conclusions are true. Aristotle ’s student Theophrastus (c.371 - c.287BC) added to Aristotle ’s work.

What are axioms in propositional logic?

The axioms count as theorems, and all the wffs thatfollow from the axioms also count as theorems. And as with propositional logic, we want axiomsthat look plausible in themselves, that allow us to prove all the things that we ought to be able toprove, and that do not allow us to prove things that we should not be able to prove.

Is there another test for validity in propositional logic?

There is another test for validity in propositional logic, which is given in some books. It comes toexactly the same thing, so it does not matter which test we use.

Is the procedure that was described above, of finding enough values that would make a formula true,was not very

The procedure that was described above, of finding enough values that would make a formula true,was not very precise. Here, we give a precise statement of a procedure that gives us the sameresults.

How to do formal logic?

Learning Outcomes. At the end of the course, students will be able to: 1 Represent information in symbolic forms, notably the formal languages of categorical, propositional, and predicate logic. 2 Interpret and evaluate formalized arguments by means of formal semantic and deductive models, notably, Venn diagrams, truth tables, and formal deductive systems. 3 Calculate complex probabilities on the basis of the eight mathematical axioms of the probability calculus and Bayes’ Theorem. 4 Identify and evaluate assumptions in both inductive and deductive reasoning as they appear in our daily experience. 5 Express an understanding of the fundamental concepts of deductive (categorical, propositional, and predicate) logic and probability theory including: formal language, Boolean operator, truth table, quantification, class , argument, validity, proof, probability , and Bayes’ Theorem .

When did predicate logic start?

Predicate logic arose in the 19th century originally to aid in the clarification of mathematical arguments but has since extended its reach considerably into the fields of (notably) philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence.

What are the three types of deductive reasoning?

Our study of deductive reasoning will consist in the development of three different logical systems: categorical logic, propositional logic, and predicate logic . Categorical logic (a.k.a. syllogistic logic) — which formed the basis of logic for over two thousand years — is the study of arguments whose constituent sentences express certain relations between classes (or categories) of things. Propositional logic (a.k.a. Boolean logic) is the study of arguments that depend on the a number of important sentence-connecting expressions in ordinary language like and, or , and not — expressions whose logic also lies at the foundation of modern computer systems. Predicate logic (a.k.a. first-order logic) extends propositional logic to arguments that depend on the linguistic phenomena of predication (e.g., “Socrates is a philosopher”) and quantification (e.g., “ All prime numbers except 2 are odd”). Predicate logic arose in the 19th century originally to aid in the clarification of mathematical arguments but has since extended its reach considerably into the fields of (notably) philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. To study these various logical systems, we develop in each case an appropriate formal language — a rigorously defined symbolic system — for representing a relevant class of natural language sentences. We then introduce a variety of mathematical methods for evaluating arguments that are formalized in the relevant formal language, notably, Venn diagrams (for categorical logic), truth tables (for propositional logic), and formal deductive systems (for both propositional and predicate logic).

Introduction to Logic and Proofs

Explore advanced mathematical concepts in fun and interesting ways and build a strong foundation for high school, computer science, and college-level logic coursework in this introductory logic class.

Technical Requirements

This course requires a computer with high-speed Internet access and an up-to-date web browser such as Chrome or Firefox. You must be able to communicate with the instructor via email. Visit the Technical Requirements and Support page for more details.

About Mathematics at CTY

Our online Mathematics courses—spanning elementary through college-level curricula—cover a wide range of topics, from algebra and geometry to chess, cryptology, and AP Calculus and are guided by expert instructors. You’ll join group sessions with classmates to ensure you stay on track with challenging course content.

New math enrichment courses available!

Explore our new math enrichment courses, including Excursions in Pre-algebra, Mathematical Modeling, and Introduction to Logic and Proofs.

Join the exciting world of competitive math

Participate in the High School Math Club or enroll in 7 IP courses: Math Olympiad for Elementary School Students, Middle School Competitive Math I, Middle School Competitive Math II, Middle School Competitive Math III, Competitive Mathematics Prep, Competitive Mathematics I, Competitive Mathematics II.

Meet our Mathematics Instructors

I am so excited when students are able to persevere and decode a very challenging cipher in the course! I love that Cryptology teaches patience and dedication, and that mathematics is so much more than just the study of numbers and equations.