what is a lurking variable (z) course hero

What is meant by a lurking variable?

A lurking variable is defined as an extraneous variable that is not included in statistical analysis.

What is lurking variable quizlet?

A lurking variable is an explanatory variable that was not considered in a study, but that affects the value of the response variable in the study. in addition, lurking variables are typically related to explanatory variables considered in the study. Cross-sectional studies.

How do you identify a lurking variable?

Another way to identify potential lurking variables is through examining residual plots. If there is a trend (either linear or non-linear) in the residuals, this could mean that a lurking variable not included in the study is impacting the variables within the study in some way.

Why is a lurking variable important?

A lurking variable is a variable that is unknown and not controlled for; It has an important, significant effect on the variables of interest. They are extraneous variables, but may make the relationship between dependent variables and independent variables seem other than it actually is.

What are examples of lurking variables?

A lurking variable can falsely identify a strong relationship between variables or it can hide the true relationship. For example, a research scientist studies the effect of diet and exercise on a person's blood pressure. Lurking variables that also affect blood pressure are whether a person smokes and stress levels.

What is a lurking and confounding variable?

A lurking variable is a variable that has an important effect on the relationship among the variables in the study, but is not one of the explanatory variables studied. Confounding. Two variables are confounded when their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.

What is another word for lurking variable and how is used?

In statistics, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor, extraneous determinant or lurking variable) is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable, causing a spurious association.

Can you think of any lurking variables that may affect the results of the study?

Yes. For​ example, possible lurking variables might be eating habits and the amount of exercise per week. The researchers made an effort to avoid confounding by accounting for potential lurking variables.

What is meant by confounding variable?

A confounding variable (confounder) is a factor other than the one being studied that is associated both with the disease (dependent variable) and with the factor being studied (independent variable). A confounding variable may distort or mask the effects of another variable on the disease in question.

What is the meaning of stochastic variable?

11.2 Randomness and Probability Typically, a random (or stochastic) variable is defined as a variable that can assume more than one value due to chance.

What is a confounding variable quizlet?

Confounding variable. an extraneous variable whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results you get do not reflect the actual relationship between the variables under investigation.

What are the uses of extraneous variable?

Why do extraneous variables matter? Extraneous variables can threaten the internal validity of your study by providing alternative explanations for your results. In an experiment, you manipulate an independent variable to study its effects on a dependent variable.

What is a caution about correlation and regression?

A caution about correlation and regression... the use of a regression line for predictions outside the range of x-values that you used to obtain the line... Such predictions are often not accurate.

Does the size of slope affect the prediction of y?

The size of slope has no impact on whether the prediction of y is accurate or not. The correlation between the x and y variables gives information on whether the prediction is accurate. The size of slope depends on the units in which we measure the two variables.

What is the mixing of effects between the exposure, the outcome and a third extraneous variable known as?

A mixing of effects between the exposure, the outcome and a third extraneous variable known as a confounder.

What is an independent variable?

Independent Variable: a risk factor or exposure. Confounding: epi definition. The distortion of an association between an exposure and an outcome because of the influence of a third variable that was not considered in the study design nor initial analysis.

What is a cohort study of the risk of liver cirrhosis among female alcoholics?

A cohort study of the risk of liver cirrhosis among female alcoholics. Incidence rates of cirrhosis among alcoholics are compared to those among non -alcoholic women. Non-alcoholics are individually matched to alcoholics on month and year of birth. Is age a confounder in this study?

What are the disadvantages of a confounder?

Disadvantages: -Costly because extensive searching and recordkeeping are required to find matches. -When one matches subjects on a potential confounder that particular exposure variable can no longer be evaluated with respect to its contribution to risk.

What is the crude relative risk of eye ulcers?

A study of the relationship between contact lens use and the risk of eye ulcers. The crude relative risk is 3.0 and the age-adjusted relative risk is 1.5. Is age a confounder in this study?

What are the categories of systematic error?

Of the categories of systematic error: selection bias, information bias and confounding bias, ...........

Can restricting participants to a narrow age category eliminate age as a confounder?

For example, restricting participants to a narrow age category can eliminate age as a confounder.