what is a course wall?

A course is a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous row of any masonry unit such as bricks, concrete masonry units (CMU

), stone, shingles, tiles, etc. Coursed masonry construction arranges units in regular courses.

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What is a wall course in architecture?

Course (architecture) A course is a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous row of any masonry unit such as bricks, concrete masonry units (CMU), stone, shingles, tiles, etc.

What is the first course of a wall called?

Starting Course: The first course of a unit, usually referring to shingles. Case Course: Units form the foundation or footing course. It is the lowest course in a masonry wall used for multiple functions, mostly structural. Barge Course: Units form the coping of a wall by bricks set on edge.

What is a masonry course?

Course (architecture) A course is a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous row of any masonry unit such as bricks, concrete masonry units (CMU), stone, shingles, tiles, etc. Coursed masonry construction is that in which units are arranged in regular courses, and not irregularly.

What is the unit of the course?

The unit of the course can be a variety of materials such as stone, shingles, tiles, concrete masonry units (CMU), or brick. A course is only one unit high and consists of uniform material A standard 8-inch CMU block is the equivalent of three standard brick courses. This is intentional so brick walls can be built on top of a CMU course.

What is a course brick?

A 'course' is a measurement referring to the dimensions of the brick AND mortar when they have been sandwiched together. One brick and the mortar together is equal to one 'course'.

What is the top of a brick wall called?

HeadersTop and bottom surfaces are called Beds. Ends or narrow surfaces are called Headers or header faces. Sides or wider surfaces are called Stretchers or stretcher faces.

What is the line between bricks called?

In masonry, mortar joints are the spaces between bricks, concrete blocks, or glass blocks, that are filled with mortar or grout.

What is a soldier course in masonry?

Soldier: A soldier course is one in which brick are laid standing on end with the narrow edge facing out. This type of course is sometimes used for decorative effects over door and window openings and in fireplace facings (vertical, long, narrow).

What is half a brick called?

When a brick is cut along its length, making it two equal halves then it is called queen closer. Thus a queen closer is a broken brick portion whose width is half as wide as the original brick. This is also called as queen closer half.

Why is half a brick called a bat?

0:181:08What is bat in brick masonry? // What are the different types of ... - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipHalfback if the brick is cut in such a manner that the length of the bat is equal to half the lengthMoreHalfback if the brick is cut in such a manner that the length of the bat is equal to half the length of the original brick.

What's the brick at the bottom of a house called?

Foundations are found at the base of a home at ground level. They are specifically designed to bear the weight of the home and provide strength and stability.

What is a single layer of bricks called?

In its most common form, a solid masonry wall consists of an outer layer of brick and an inner layer of brick (a layer of brick is called a 'wythe' in masonry circles).

What type of cement goes between bricks?

What is the cement between bricks called? Cement is used in grout, mortar and concrete as a binder, that “glues” other ingredients (or just itself) together to give a solid mass of material. The most common cement by far is Portland cement in the construction industry. The material between bricks is called “mortar”.

How many bricks are in a soldier course?

Total # of bricks for the whole lot is approx 280. probably mixing 4 or 5 bags of cement and 350kg of sand.

What is brick pattern called?

A brick bond is a pattern in which bricks are laid. It applies to both brick walls and brick paving for patios and paths, as well as to concrete block and other types of masonry construction.

What is a brick Shiner?

Shiner. The broad flat face of the brick laid sideways.

What is a header in brickwork?

Header is the shorter square face of the brick which measures 9cm x 9cm. Header bond is also known as heading bond. In header bonds, all bricks in each course are placed as headers on the faces of the walls.

What is the top of a concrete wall called?

CopingCoping: The materials or masonry units used to form the finished top of a wall, pier, chimney or pilaster to protect the masonry below from water penetration.

What is a single layer of bricks called?

In its most common form, a solid masonry wall consists of an outer layer of brick and an inner layer of brick (a layer of brick is called a 'wythe' in masonry circles).

What is lap in brick masonry?

Lap in Brick Masonry Lap is defined as the horizontal distance between the vertical joints in successive courses. A lap length of one-fourth brick length is said to be a good lap in brick masonry.

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What are the three most popular courses in masonry?

In masonry, the three most popular course types are stretcher courses, header courses and soldier courses.

What is header course?

Header courses are made up of units laid on the widest edge, leaving their longest end so that it is parallel to face outside the wall. Three-quarter bats are used for the corners. A header course requires twice as many bricks as a stretcher course making it more time consuming and expensive to build.

What is an 8 inch CMU block?

A standard 8-inch CMU block is the equivalent of three standard brick courses. This is intentional so brick walls can be built on top of a CMU course. An arrangement of several courses is known as a bond pattern, or bonding pattern. In masonry, the corners of the structure are built first with the space in between being filled in later.

What is a course in architecture?

Courses are continuous layers running horizontally of the same unit bonded with mortar. The vertical equivalent of a course is known as a wythe. The unit of the course can be a variety of materials such as stone, shingles, tiles, concrete masonry units (CMU), or brick. A course is only one unit high and consists of uniform material

Why use a brick coursing chart?from pghbricks.com.au

As bricks come in a variety of dimensions and sizes that can be tricky to multiply accurately, a brick coursing chart is an easy way to make sure you’re ordering and using the right amount of bricks for your project, also ensuring you avoid costly mistakes. Brick coursing charts are also useful for calculating the different needs for internal ...

How to find volume of wall?from thebrickcalculator.com

We calculate the volume of the wall by multiplying the height, length and width of the wall (Volume = Length x Width x Height).

How to calculate how many bricks to build a wall?from thebrickcalculator.com

You can quickly calculate the number of bricks required to build a wall by entering the length and height of your wall. This will provide you a quick calculation of the number of bricks required to build you a single skin wall (1 brick wide) and includes a 5% wastage calculation. For more detailed calculations including adding windows, doors, altering the thickness of mortar used etc. simply click on the relevent icon/tab of The Brick Calculator (Calculator, Bricks, Windows etc.)

When calculating the number of bricks required, is it always better to round up to the full brick?from thebrickcalculator.com

1 When calculating the number of bricks required it is always better to round up to the full brick. In the real world, the brick layer will build the wall evenly and the full brick will avoid lost time / additional cost if the brick is required. As we will proceed, we will review wastage allowances and tolerances for brick requirement calculations in more detail.

What happens when you incorrectly estimate the number of bricks and materials?from thebrickcalculator.com

Incorrectly estimating the number of bricks and or materials can significantly increase material, time and transportation costs and leads to poor clent confidence.

Can bricks break during construction?from thebrickcalculator.com

If you call your supplier/builders merchant they will normally replace those free of charge. Bricks can however break during construction. Some bricks may need to be split to fit the aspect of the wall, not all bricks split well.

How much ground surfacing material is enough?

The use of ground surfacing materials on outdoor courses is a complicated issue, and there’s no “one size fits all” answer.

What are the most common injuries on climbing walls?

On climbing walls, injuries to the lower leg and foot are most common, and include compression and spiral fractures. Participants can be injured when they fall from a height of 2 to 4 feet and the belay rope is too slack to break the fall. Injuries can also occur when participants slip on matting during or after a fall. More severe injuries to the head and spine can occur when participants fall from the highest part of the climbing wall.

What is critical height?

Critical height can be considered as an approximation of the fall height below which a life-threatening head injury would not be expected to occur . The surfacing material you use under and around an element in your challenge course or climbing wall should have a critical height value of at least the height of the element where a free fall of less than 10-feet may occur. (Markel requires that any challenge course element and climbing walls above 8-feet be supported by a belay system.) The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) publishes standards for fall protection on playgrounds. Although playgrounds differ significantly from challenge courses, the CPSC guidelines are a good source for general information about ground surfacing materials.

What is an auto belay system?

Auto-belay systems are used primarily on climbing walls, although some high-ropes courses also use them. Some programs use auto-belay systems as a long-term cost-cutting measure; installing a system can be less expensive than hiring additional staff. Although the concept of taking the human element out of the belay system has merit in some cases, there remain some concerns:

What is the cause of death on a challenge course?

Despite the increasing number of challenge courses and climbing walls, the frequency of injuries and death remains relatively low. According to research conducted by Project Adventure, the primary cause of death on challenge courses is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), involving men age 30 and older*. Programs that work extensively with adults should consider adding an automatic external defibrillator (AED) and portable oxygen to the first-aid equipment on their challenge course.

Why do we need spotters?

However, spotters can fail to adequately break a participant’s fall, so it’s a good idea to provide soft surfaces to cushion falls. The use of ground surfacing materials can go a long way in preventing or minimizing injuries.

What is ANSI/ACCT?

The ANSI/ACCT standards describe in broad terms recommended practices for challenge course installation, operation, and inspection. Keeping participants safe on your challenge course and climbing wall requires a combination of techniques:

When to use double-course siding

Double-course siding is best when siding large areas without architectural complexity.

When to use single-course siding

Single-course siding is optimal when siding gables, angular spaces, and small accents. Due to its size, single-course siding produces less waste than double-course siding in applications that require a lot of cuts—such as gables. It should also be used when finishing a run on a wall that is less than seven inches.

What is mortar on a brick?

The act of placing mortar on one face of a masonry unit with a trowel before is laid. You will want to put as much mortar as possible on the end of the brick.

What is bonding brick?

The method of arranging bricks in a pattern so that the individual units are tied together. Bonding is crucial to eliminate consecutive vertical joints both in the body as well as on the face of the wall, as this will create a weak brick structure. It is also referred as the adhesion between mortar and brick or stone units and when attaching several types of masonry walls by overlapping masonry units.

How is a brick joint formed?

This joint is formed naturally by the excess mortar when bricks are squeezed and does not need any special tooling. It is not recommended for exterior walls and the extruded material will weaken and erode over time.

What is a brick stretcher?

An alternate course of bricks that are composed of one header to one stretcher. It can also have several stretches in a row. Many times, the stretcher and headers will be of different color to create patterns.

What is a brick core?

A masonry unit that has holes or cores in its cross-sectional area with no more than 20 percent of its volume hollow. These cores reduce the weight of the brick and allow for faster firing of the brick.

What side of brick is rounded off?

Top stretcher side corner of the brick is rounded off.

What is a frog hole?

A perforation or hole on the longer face of a brick made with the object of forming an indentation for the mortar. This hollow depression also reduces the weight and makes it easier to handle. The depth of the frog is usually between 10 to 20 mm. Frogged bricks should lay with the frog upward and fill up with mortar.

What is a party wall?

A party wall is a dividing wall that separates two individual spaces or buildings. They are common in spaces such as condos, townhomes, apartments, or other multifamily or commercial properties. The residents or occupants on either side of the party wall own their half and are responsible for their respective upkeep and maintenance.

What purpose do party walls serve?

Party walls often serve as structural support for both spaces, particularly in residential construction. They’re often load-bearing, supporting the weight of the floor and subsequent walls stacked on top of them throughout the height of the building.

What is the purpose of the soldier course?

The orientation of the bricks are installed to expose the long narrow side of the brick to make them stand in a row, similar to soldiers. In many cases the soldier course is used as an accent band within a masonry facade, or as a decorative head detail for a window or door.

How does soldier course fall into coursing?

The soldier course will fall into coursing by matching with three courses of a running bond or commonly laid brick. In many instances the soldier course is doubled or tripled to create a wider band of dissimilar laid brick in the facade. Architects may chose to change the coloration of this band.

Why do walls crack?

Wall cracks can happen due to poor construction or design of the property. A poorly designed wall will crack under too much weight. Similarly inferior, flawed, faulty, or incompatible building material will fail to perform and give way for cracks. An ill-designed structure or footing can also result in building cracks.

What causes cracks in walls?

Climate change leads to variation in humidity and temperature. This change causes the contraction and expansion of building elements which leads to cracks in the walls.

Why do building materials crack?

Like everything else in this world, building materials do decay with time. Rusting, rotting, weathering and poor maintenance lead to the degradation of the material. Once building material starts to degrade, the structure starts to succumb leading to cracks. Concrete crumbling is another phenomenon that can cause cracks and happen due to the chemical reaction of concrete with salt and moisture.

Why does water damage a building?

Water damage slowly decomposes the building element to collapse and results in wall cracks. Water damage can happen due to blocked gutters, water leaks, drainage issues, poor slopes, and floods. A water leak or water accumulation under the floor can rot footing or soil causing the building movement. It can wash away the soil directly under the foundation.

What is a building inspection?

A building inspection can warn you about the building cracks and their severity. The inspection report can hint about potential causes of the building cracks in the property. The owner should assess if these causes can be fixed and if yes, how much it will cost. The information about the causes of the cracks can help you to avoid the cracks in the future.