what does the open door policy reveal about american foreign policy course hero

What was the Open Door Policy in the US?

(Show more) What was the Open Door policy? The Open Door policy was a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.

What was John Hay's Open Door Policy?

The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy in the late 19th century and 20th century outlined in Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, dispatched in 1899 to his European counterparts.

How did the Open Door Policy affect the Russo-Japanese War?

In 1902, the administration of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt protested the Russian incursion as a violation of the Open Door Policy. When Japan took control of southern Manchuria from Russia after the end of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, the United States and Japan pledged to maintain the Open Door policy of trade equality in Manchuria.

What was China’s policy on foreign trade before the Open Door Policy?

Prior to the Open Door Policy, China restricted foreign trade to its Canton (Guangzhou) port.

What does the Open Door Policy reveal about American foreign policy?

The Open Door Policy was a major statement of United States foreign policy issued in 1899 and 1900 intended to protect the rights of all countries to trade equally with China and confirming multi-national acknowledgment of China's administrative and territorial sovereignty.

Why did the United States Institute the Open Door Policy?

It felt threatened by other powers' much larger spheres of influence in China and worried that it might lose access to the Chinese market if it was partitioned. As a response, William Woodville Rockhill formulated the Open Door Policy to safeguard American business opportunities and other interests in China.

Which American secretary of state promoted an Open Door Policy with China?

Secretary of State John Hay first articulated the concept of the “Open Door” in China in a series of notes in 1899–1900.

What was the purpose of the open door policy quizlet?

Main goal of this policy? To keep china from being divided up (in european spheres of influence) , and to create a cooperative collective system, protecting Chinese markets.

What did the open door policy do?

US Secretary of State John Hay created the Open Door Policy in 1899/1900 in order to allow the US, Japan, and select European countries equal trade access to China, a country that previously had no trade agreements.

What were the 3 beliefs reflected by the Open Door policy?

Hay advocated the “Open Door” for all nations in China, based on three principles: (1) no power would interfere with the trading rights of other nations within its sphere of influence; (2) Chinese tariff duties (which gave most favored nation rights to the United States) should be collected by Chinese officials; and (3 ...

What three things did the Open Door policy reflect?

Note three beliefs held by Americans that were reflected by the Open Door policy:The U.S. economy relied on exports to ensure growth.The U.S. had the right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open to it.U.S. survival was threatened by the closing of an area to American products, citizens or ideas.

What was the Open Door policy?

The Open Door policy was a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges fo...

What countries were involved in the Open Door policy?

The Open Door policy was drafted by the United States about activity in China. The policy supported equal privileges for all the countries trading...

When was the Open Door policy in effect?

The Open Door policy began with the issuance of a circular (diplomatic note) by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay to Great Britain, Germany, France,...

What was the significance of the Open Door policy?

The Open Door policy—first initiated in 1899, with a follow-up missive in 1900—was significant in its attempt by the United States to establish an...

What led to the demise of the Open Door policy?

The Open Door policy was doomed by changes on the international stage in the mid-20th century. In particular, Japan’s defeat in 1945 in the Second...

What was the purpose of the Open Door policy?

The Open Door policy—first initiated in 1899, with a follow-up missive in 1900—was significant in its attempt by the United States to establish an international protocol of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and to support China’s territorial and administrative integrity. The policy was a cornerstone of American foreign policy in ...

Why was the Open Door policy doomed?

The Open Door policy was doomed by changes on the international stage in the mid-20th century. In particular, Japan’s defeat in 1945 in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II, which ushered in changes to the world order, and the communist victory in 1949 in China’s civil war, which ended all special privileges to foreigners in that country, contributed to the Open Door policy being rendered meaningless.

What was the open door policy of colonialism?

In any event, preliminary attempts to Westernize Chinese society from within did not deter further foreign penetration; nor did the subsequent revolution (1911) succeed in freeing China from Western domination. Toward the end of the 19th century, under the impact of the….

What were the 1899 Open Door notes?

The 1899 Open Door notes provided that (1) each great power should maintain free access to a treaty port or to any other vested interest within its sphere, (2) only the Chinese government should collect taxes on trade, and (3) no great power having a sphere should be granted exemptions from paying harbour dues or railroad charges. The replies from the various countries were evasive, but Hay interpreted them as acceptances.

When did Hay declare open door policy?

With considerable bravado, Hay announced that all the powers had agreed to respect the…. …which had announced its commercial Open Door policy in 1899, made a second declaration of the policy in July 1900—this time insisting on the preservation of the territorial and administrative entity of China.

Which countries were the recipients of the Open Door policy?

The policy supported equal privileges for all the countries trading with China and reaffirmed China’s territorial and administrative integrity. Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia were the recipients of the Open Door policy notes; other countries later affirmed the terms of the policy in the Nine-Power Pact of 1922.

Which country violated the Open Door Principle?

Japan violated the Open Door principle with its presentation of Twenty-one Demands to China in 1915. The Nine-Power Treaty after the Washington Conference (1921–22) reaffirmed the principle, however.

What is the open door policy?

The term “open door policy” refers to the proposition to keep trade in China open equally to trade with all countries, preventing any one nation from controlling trade in the region. The policy also called for powers to respect Chinese territorial integrity. In other words, the countries with “spheres of influence” – areas of political and economic control – in China must allow Chinese officials to regulate trade and impose tariffs. This measure was intended to appease opponents of total imperialism by maintaining Chinese sovereignty.

Why is Open Door Policy Important?

Open door policy reflected the intense spirit of competition among global powers during the Age of Imperialism. All imperial countries accepted the United States’ proposal except Russia, with the goal of creating relatively equal spheres of influence. Ultimately, however, imperial powers continued to exploit the resources and labor in China, and the open door experiment led to threatening resistance by workers within China.

What is the multiple choice section of AP history?

The multiple choice section of the AP® US History exam will contain more specific and fact-based questions. You should know about Secretary of State John Hay’s role in the creation of open door policy via the Open Door Note. You should also know the key players in the division of Chinese territory, especially the United States, Japan, and Great Britain. Keep in mind that Russia was the only imperial nation to reject participation in open door policy.

What is the purpose of the sphere of influence in China?

In other words, the countries with “spheres of influence” – areas of political and economic control – in China must allow Chinese officials to regulate trade and impose tariffs. This measure was intended to appease opponents of total imperialism by maintaining Chinese sovereignty.

What was the secret organization that attacked foreign missionaries in China?

A secret Chinese organization called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists gathered strength and attacked foreign missionaries in China. As the conflict grew, it became a violent rebellion that led to the deaths of thousands of Chinese nationals and hundreds of foreigners.

Which imperial nation rejected open door policy?

You should also know the key players in the division of Chinese territory, especially the United States, Japan, and Great Britain. Keep in mind that Russia was the only imperial nation to reject participation in open door policy.

What is the AP history exam?

The AP® US History exam covers centuries of topics, policies, trends, and events, and you need to have a solid working knowledge all of them in order to score well. However, you don’t need to be an expert on every battle, law, and political debate. The most important things to know on each topic for the APUSH test are what it is, its historical context or setting, and why it is important in the scope of US History. In this AP® US History crash course, we will review those aspects of Open Door Policy.

What is the open door policy?

The Open Door Policy was a proposal put forth by the United States in 1899 intended to ensure that all countries be allowed to trade freely with China. The Open Door Policy was circulated among Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay.

Why did Hay circulate the Open Door Policy?

government was taking extreme measures to stop Chinese immigration to the United States. For example, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 had imposed a 10-year moratorium on the immigration of Chinese laborers, effectively eliminating opportunities ...

What was the impact of the embargoes on Japan?

further tightened its embargoes on oil, scrap metal, and other essential commodities exported to Japan. The embargoes contributed to Japan’s declaration of war against the United States hours before the December 7, 1947, attack on Pearl Harbor pulled the United States into World War II .

What was the purpose of the Yangtze Agreement?

Intended to halt Russia’s imperialistic expansion in Eastern Asia , the Anglo-Japanese Alliance shaped British and Japanese policy in Asia until the end of World War I in 1919.

What was the result of the 1922 Washington Naval Conference?

In 1922, the U.S.-driven Washington Naval Conference resulted in the Nine-Power Treaty reaffirming the Open Door principles. In reaction to the Mukden Incident of 1931 in Manchuria and the Second Sino-Japanese War between China and Japan in 1937, the United States intensified its support of the Open Door Policy.

What was the importance of Deng Xiaoping's Special Economic Zones?

During the 1980s, Deng Xiaoping’s Special Economic Zones allowed the modernization China’s industry needed to attract foreign investments. Between 1978 and 1989, China rose from 32nd to 13th in the world in export volume, roughly doubling its overall world trade.

Why did the United States want to expand its presence in Asia?

Having recently acquired control of the Philippine Islands and Guam in the Spanish–American War of 1898, the United States hoped to increase its own presence in Asia by expanding its political and commercial interests in China. Fearing it might lose its chance to trade with the lucrative markets of China if the European powers succeeded in ...

What Was The Open Door Policy?

The Open Door Policy definition is a United States foreign policy in specific relation to China. It was instituted in 1899, shortly before the Boxer Rebellion. It was officially discarded in 1949 as a result of the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, but in 1978 China created its own Open Door Policy, which has lasted until the present.

Tackling Open Door Notes

The concept of Open Door Notes was initiated by Secretary of State John Hay. He sent these documents to other Western countries to explain how the Open Door Policy would work. They were intended to preserve the United States' ability to trade with China while not antagonizing other countries to the point of war.

Prompts About the Open Door Policy with China

Write an essay of approximately one to two pages that defines the Open Door Policy and describes how the Age of Imperialism helped shape this policy. Also make sure to address the condition of the Chinese government at the time the policy was created, and be sure to define Spheres of Influence.

What is the open door policy?

The Open Door Policy was the idea of not interfering with the trade rights of other nations or discriminate against citizens of other nations with in its sphere of influence. Secretary of State John Hay suggested it.

What is the core idea of the "Open Door" policy?

What is the core idea of the "Open Door" policy? Foreign markets should be free and open to all states. There should be no preferential treatment. In their article "The Israel Lobby," Mearsheimer and Walt argue that the high level of US support for Israel cannot be explained or justified solely in strategic terms.

What was the effect of the Open Door policy on China?

The creation of the Open Door Policyincreased foreign influence in China, which led to a rise in anti-foreign and anti-colonial sentiment in the country. The backlash against foreigners led to widespread killings of missionaries working in China and an increase in nationalist feelings among the Chinese.

Why do managers leave their office doors open?

An open door policy (as related to the business and corporate fields) is a communication policy in which a manager, CEO, MD, president or supervisor leaves their office door "open" in order to encourage openness and transparency with the employees of that company.

When did China open up to foreign investment?

Forty years ago, in December 1978 , following a decade of the Cultural Revolution led by Mao Zedong that left the communist country in ruins, a series of transformative economic reforms opened China up to the international community and foreign investment.

What is the purpose of the Chinese cooperative system?

To keep china from being divided up (in european spheres of influence) , and to create a cooperative collective system, protecting Chinese markets.

Definition

Historical Context

Why Is Open Door Policy Important?

• Open door policy reflected the intense spirit of competition among global powers during the Age of Imperialism. All imperial countries accepted the United States’ proposal except Russia, with the goal of creating relatively equal spheres of influence. Ultimately, however, imperial powers continued to exploit the resources and labor in China, and th...

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