what did the environment in northern europe select over the course of the last 600 years or so

How did the northern European Plain affect the development of Europe?

The southern edge has a lot of fertility. How did the northern European Plain affect the development of Europe? It has fertile soil and water resources from rivers. What makes the Northern European Plain good land for agriculture?

What creates a mild climate in northern Europe?

In Northern Europe, air warmed by the creates a mild climate even though the region is located in higher latitudes. _____ is not a member of the European Union, but it has attracted numerous international workers to petroleum exploration and processing. A. tidal marshes. B. peat bogs.

How has industry affected the environment in northwestern Europe?

How has industry affected Northwestern Europe's environment? Ecosystem harms are mainly caused by human activities like over fishing, agriculture, pollution, tourism, industrial chemicals, and coastal development. Vehicular usage causes air pollution.

How has migration shaped the population of northwestern Europe?

How has migration shaped the population of Northwestern Europe? Countries support equal work opportunities for women and promote public places to balance work and family life. Women were also granted suffrage (the right to vote) How have countries of Northwestern Europe worked for equality for women?

What is the communication space and social construct of Europe?

This article approaches the communication space and social construct of Europe from the perspective of environmental history and traces the commonalities and differences in the interaction between humans and the environment. It is also a call for an interdisciplinary and an international environmental history. The diversity of nature and the environment in Europe is examined in various fields. With its discussion of spaces, climate and resources, the first section deals with natural environments, before anthropogenic environments are added to the discussion in the second section, and then the connections between the fundamental categories of nature / environment, rule, economy and culture are outlined in the third section. The final section presents general environmental historical periodizations in relation to European history.

What are natural resources?

Natural resources are also part of the natural environment of humans. Discussions of these resources usually focus on the consumption of non-renewables or resources that regenerate over very long time periods, such as coal and oil, as well as the (unintended) consequences of their use. Concerns about the availability of energy resources have thus served from the start as an important impetus in environmental historical research, in the questions it pursues, in its theses and also in its periodizations. However, this is not a history that only began with industrial modernity, and not just from a European perspective. It goes back much further, when one considers for example the universally-used resources of waterand timber. Humans use water to drink, to irrigate, to generate energy and as a means of transportation. But it also poses a threat, and not just in coastal regions and along rivers. Securing a reliable and safe supply of water was for a long time the primary resource problem, particularly in the urban centres, where an artificial network of streams and canals often had to be constructed to provide water, for waste disposal and for fire defences. Whether for heating, cooking or building, whether for tools, barrels or ploughs, wood was also an essential resource. It accompanied humans through their lives literally from the cradle to the grave. It is no coincidence that the concept of sustainability emerged in the context of woodland management as early as the beginning of the 18th century. This is also why the economist and sociologist Werner Sombart (1863–1941) described the preindustrial era as having “ein ausgesprochen hölzernes Gepräge” (a decidedly wooden character), and many contemporaries referred to timber as a “Lebensmittel” (staple). 10 The transportation of resources over longer distances is not exclusive even to the modern era, as ancient Egyptian expeditions to the fabled Land of Punt to import gold, ivory, salt and many other goods indicates.

How to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic environments?

Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic environments is an archetypal differentiation, in order to highlight spheres of influence of humans. These spheres of influence have grown over the course of history to the extent that it is now almost impossible to identify a natural environment under water, on land, in the atmosphere or in space directly around the earth that is not influenced by humans. Particularly in southern and central Europe, it is likely that already by the late-medieval period there were few natural landscapes that remained untouched by humans. Even in those places where nature lovers of the 19th and early-20th centuries believed they had discovered wilderness and primitive nature, we see diverse cultural landscapes. In central Europe, these include heath regions as well as orchard meadows and pastoral forests, which only retain their typical form through continued use. The human footprint has fundamentally shaped European landscapes and not only since industrialization. Even as the Roman senator and historian Tacitus (ca. 58–ca. 120) described Germania in the first century as densely forested, marshy and backward, non-Roman central Europe had been a settled, cultivated and managed landscape for a considerable time. Logging near settlements, slash-and-burn deforestation, arable farming and hunting – without wishing to create the impression of decline and overuse – these influences on the immediate surroundings were manifold already in antiquity and the Middles Ages and transformed the landscape. With population growth the encroachment spread. The emergence of urban centres, road networks and trade connections accompanied and accelerated this process, which affected flora as well as fauna.

Is there a history of environmental history in Europe?

However, this does not necessarily mean that a European environmental history exists. Such a history is at best beginning to emerge, and is restricted to individual European regions – such as northern Europe or the Mediterranean region. Research is almost exclusively conducted on the national and regional context, in spite of cross-border organizational and institutional efforts, such as the European Society for Environmental History. 1 Some thematic and regional subdisciplines of historical studies appear only to have begun to engage with the topic of environmental history in a systematic way in the very recent past. To the extent that cross-border studies on individual periods exist, they tend to be global rather than European in scope, not least because many of the current environmental problems are global in nature. 2 Nevertheless, a debate has recently begun about the questions and topics of a European environmental history, which looks for commonalities beyond the social construct of Europe, for example about the “natural environments” of the continent. 3

Why did the Pleistocene megafauna become extinct?

In addition, the Pleistocene megafauna became extinct due to environmental and evolutionary pressures from the changing climate.

What happened in 2011?

2011. Tsunami in Japan An earthquake and later a tsunami hit the continent on March 11, 2011. After this disaster, nuclear power plants in Japan have been releasing radiation due to damage from the earthquake.

What volcano erupted in 6400 BC?

Kurile volcano on Russia 's Kamchatka Peninsula has VEI 7 eruption. It is one of the largest of the Holocene epoch. c. 6400 BC. Lake Agassiz drains into oceans for the final time, leaving Lakes Manitoba, Winnipeg, Winnipegosis, and Lake of the Woods, among others in the region, as its remnants.

What volcano erupted in the 7th millennium BC?

7th millennium BC. Kurile volcano on Russia 's Kamchatka Peninsula has VEI 7 eruption. It is one of the largest of the Holocene epoch. Lake Agassiz drains into oceans for the final time, leaving Lakes Manitoba, Winnipeg, Winnipegosis, and Lake of the Woods, among others in the region, as its remnants.

How did the Old Man in the Mountain form?

Old Man in the Mountain formed in New Hampshire by retreating glaciers. Antarctica — long-term melting of the Antarctic ice sheets is under way. Asia — rising sea levels caused by postglacial warming. North America — The glaciers were receding and by 8000 BC the Wisconsin glaciation had withdrawn completely.

What is Ancylus Lake?

Ancylus Lake, part of the modern-day Baltic Sea, forms. There is evidence of harvesting, though not necessarily cultivation, of wild grasses in Asia Minor about this time. End of the pre- Boreal period of European climate change. Pollen Zone IV Pre-boreal, associated with juniper, willow, birch pollen deposits.

What hurricanes hit New Orleans in 2005?

2005. Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma cause widespread destruction and environmental harm to coastal communities in the US Gulf Coast region, especially the New Orleans area. 2008. Cyclone Nargis makes landfall over Myanmar, causing widespread destruction and killing over 130,000 people.