Upper-Layer Devices. There are only a few upper-layer devices, none of which operate at any specific layer. Because they perform a range of functions for the network, they fall into the class of devices known as gateways. A gateway translates one type of network data into another.
The Presentation layer does what you might think it does: It changes the look, or presentation, of the data from the lower layers into a format that the upper-layer processes can work with. Among other services, the Presentation layer deals with encryption, data compression, and network redirectors.
The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. There is really nothing to the OSI model. In fact, it’s not even tangible. The seven OSI layers don’t perform any functions in the networking process.
The International Standards Organization (ISO) developed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. It divides different network communication and data transmission into seven layers, which contain their own network devices.
In the OSI model, control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer (Layer 7) in one station and proceeding to the bottom layer. It is then passed over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.
OSI Model. It divides network communication into seven layers. Layers 1-4 are considered the lower layers and mostly are concerned with data around. Layers 5-7, the upper layers, contain application-level data. Therefore each layer has a specific task to do. This model works on the principle of ‘pass it on”.
Answer: Message, the Application layer is the last layer of OSI model and hence working is based on messages. Therefore message is the answer.