Environmental factors such as wind, surrounding temperature, humidity, effects the on measuring instruments. Even the electrical and the magnetic field also influence the error in the measuring instruments while in static measurement. This environmental error is also a source of an error under instrumental loading errors.
Full Answer
Error due to the variation of in the setting of the workpiece and the instrument, Due backlash and friction in the components of the measuring instruments are the sources of the Random errors in measurement.
Even the electrical and the magnetic field also influence the error in the measuring instruments while in static measurement. This environmental error is also a source of an error under instrumental loading errors. Instrument loading errors mean, due to the measuring instrument the object which needs to be measured tends to change.
There are three static errors those are Reading errors, Characteristic errors, Environmental errors. The static error means no relation to the time variation in the measurement, only related to the physical nature of the measuring instrument.
i) Systematic Errors: 1 Regular or repeats in nature and also can be controllable. (Repeats after a certain amount of time) 2 Can be eliminated sometimes. 3 Calibration errors, variation in the contact pressure, variation in the atmospheric pressure, Parallax error, misalignment errors are the sources of Systematic errors.
Systematic errors are those that affect the accuracy of your final value. These can often be greatly reduced or eliminated entirely by adjusting your procedure.
Random errors are those that primarily affect the precision of your final value. Random error can usually be reduced by adjusting the procedure or increasing skill of the experimenter, but can never be completely eliminated.
Every procedure comes with some assumptions. Perhaps you assume that the room temperature is 25.0° C (most UCalgary building HVAC is set to 21 ° C and fluctuates around that). Maybe you assumed a typical ambient air pressure without taking a measurement of the actual value.
As we have seen throughout this section, every measurement has a limit – often expressed through its recorded precision or significant figures.
Generally, laboratory calculations reflect the precision of a measurement, rather than limiting it (or directly affecting the accuracy). However some particular points can be sources of uncertainty.