what are common adverse effects of antihistamine-anticholinergic antiemetics? course hero

by Leone Zulauf Published 2 years ago Updated 1 year ago 7 min read

What are the adverse effects of antiemetic therapy?

Antiemetics are generally well-tolerated, but can have potential side effects, such as constipation or diarrhea, headache, fatigue, malaise, dizziness, light-headedness, blurred vision, dry mouth, or photosensitivity.

What are 2 common side effects of antiemetics?

The most common side effects are the result of anticholinergic properties and include dry mouth, decreased urination, constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, and fatigue. Some patients may experience less tolerable side effects depending on their dose, the type of antiemetic, and other underlying health conditions.Mar 31, 2022

What is the most common adverse reaction in patients receiving an antiemetic?

They are often used to treat nausea or vomiting symptoms caused by motion sickness or infection. Common side effects can include: dry mouth. fatigue.

How do antihistamines work as antiemetic?

Antihistamines appear to dull the inner ear's ability to sense motion. They block messages to the part of the brain that controls nausea and vomiting. This is why they work best if you take them before you start feeling motion sickness.Apr 21, 2020

What are the most common adverse effects associated with drug therapy?

The ten most common ADRs were constipation, nausea +/- vomiting, fatigue, alopecia, drowsiness, myelosuppression, skin reactions, anorexia, mucositis and diarrhoea. These ADRs have high-documented incidence rates and were also the ten most predictable ADRs in this study.

Which antiemetics can cause tardive dyskinesia?

The antiemetic metoclopramide, a potent D₂ dopamine receptor antagonist, may cause TD, particularly in elderly patients. TDs have also been reported with the use of antihistamines, fluoxetine, amoxapine (a tricyclic antidepressant), and other agents (see Table 2 below). TD = tardive dyskinesia.

What is the main action of antiemetics?

An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer.

Which antiemetics are known to cause extrapyramidal symptoms?

Although extrapyramidal side effects of two commonly used antiemetics, metoclopramide and prochlorperazine, are well known, it may be difficult for even the experienced practitioner to distinguish some of these extrapyramidal reactions from such psychiatric symptoms as anxiety, depression, or catatonia.

Which of the following antihistamines also have antiemetic action?

It should be noted antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate carry a similar efficacy in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting as dexamethasone and droperidol.Nov 15, 2021

What are the side effects of antihistamines?

What are the side effects of antihistamines?

Drowsiness.
Dry mouth, dry eyes.
Blurred or double vision.
Dizziness and headache.
Low blood pressure.
Mucous thickening in the airways.
Rapid heart rate.
Difficulty urinating and constipation.

Jul 13, 2020

How are antiemetics administered?

Intramuscular (IM) and IV are effective routes of administration. In addition to more typical side effect profiles, these medications can cause dose-dependent QTc prolongation and require caution in those with known or suspected QTc prolongation.Oct 2, 2021

Why does histamine cause nausea?

At low levels, histamine increases stomach acid, which helps kill off any bacteria we may be exposed to. However, at high levels, histamine may trigger nausea, diarrhea, heart palpitations and dilation of blood vessels may cause a severe headache.Feb 15, 2016

What are the side effects of anticholinergic drugs?

1 . These include: Dry mouth due to the inhibition of the salivary glands. Sore throat due to decreased mucus production. Absence of sweating.

What is an anticholinergic?

Anticholinergics are a broad class of drug used to treat a variety of medical conditions that affect the contraction and relaxation of muscles.

How does acetylcholine work?

How These Drugs Work. Acetylcholine is a substance produced by the body that functions as a neurotransmitter. It acts on nerve cells to deliver chemical messages to the brain. By doing so, acetylcholine can regulate certain biological functions either by speeding them up or slowing them down.

What is the function of acetylcholine?

Acetylcholine is a substance produced by the body that functions as a neurotransmitter. It acts on nerve cells to deliver chemical messages to the brain. By doing so, acetylcholine can regulate certain biological functions either by speeding them up or slowing them down.

Which organs are affected by acetylcholine?

These include skeletal muscles involved in movement and smooth muscles found in the heart, stomach, intestines, urinary tract, and the lungs.

Why do drugs achieve their therapeutic goals?

A number of drugs achieve their therapeutic goals because of the anticholinergic effect. By slowing bowel movement, for example, a person may find relief from diarrhea. Similarly, the breathing restriction associated with asthma and COPD can be improved when the cholinergic receptors of lungs are blocked. 2

What is an antispasmodic?

Antispasmodics are one class of drug in which the anticholinergic effect is considered beneficial. 3 While side effects are common, short-term use combined with low dosage usually means that the symptoms are manageable.

What are the side effects of antiemetics?

The following are common side effects of different types of antiemetics: antihistamines: sleepiness, dry mouth, and dry nasal passages. bismuth-subsalicylate: blackish stools and changes in tongue color. cannabinoids: an altered state of perception and dizziness.

What are some examples of antiemetic drugs?

Antiemetic drugs can help when nausea and vomiting stem from, for example: motion sickness. viral or bacterial infections, such as those responsible for the stomach flu. pregnancy. the effects of surgery. other medications, such as chemotherapy.

What is an antiemetic drug?

Side effects. Complications. Natural antiemetics. Summary. Antiemetic drugs are medicines that ease nausea or vomiting. A person might use an over-the-counter or prescription version. The feeling of nausea results from a complex process in the body, and this is why various drugs have been designed to ease nausea in different situations.

How does chemotherapy work?

How do antiemetics work?

These medications work by blocking chemical messengers called neurotransmitters, which send information about nausea to the brain. Blocking their signals can keep a person from feeling nauseous and vomiting. Below, we look at various types of antiemetics, their uses, and their possible side effects.

Can antiemetics help with morning sickness?

Antiemetic drugs can also help relieve morning sickness . Doctors usually only prescribe them if nausea and vomiting are severe, interfering with daily life. This can be the case, for example, if the person has hyperemesis gravidarum, a lasting, serious form of morning sickness.

Can chemo cause nausea?

Chemotherapy often causes nausea and vomiting. A doctor may prescribe an antiemetic before and after chemo to help prevent these side effects and improve the quality of life. Different types of drugs can help, including serotonin and dopamine receptor blockers, NK1 receptor blockers, and corticosteroids. Some antiemetics that people take ...