Sep 30, 2021 · The Way Things Were. For hundreds of years, life in Europe focused on agriculture. Most people lived in the country and farmed a small …
Constant warfare in early modern Europe led to a military revolution in which cannon, muskets, and commoner foot soldiers became the mainstays of European armies. Armies grew in size, and most European states maintained standing armies. England had a standing navy, too (oh, my mind is going wild with that concept . . .)
European adventurers discovered a new way to reach the rich trading centers of India by sailing around Africa. They also conquered, colonized, and exploited a new world across the Atlantic. These discoveries and conquests brought about an extraordinary increase in business activity and the supply of money, which stimulated the growth of capitalism.
Nov 18, 2021 · New Protestant Churches emerger like the Lutheran and the Church of England while religious wars also inflame France and Germany. Other churches and sects of Christianity, like the Calvinists, will see expansions into the Americas in the 1600s. Religious wars like the Thirty Years’ War sprung up across Europe as well.
Europe is known not only for its revolutions and wars but also for its sociocultural changes, including the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and colonialism. The effects of these changes can still be seen in the world today.Jul 10, 2019
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Europeans experienced profound economic and social changes. The influx of precious metals from the Americas and the gradual recovery of Europe's population from the Black Death caused a significant rise in the cost of goods and services by the 16th century, known as the price revolution.
During the 1700s, some European governments consolidated their power at home while also conquering massive empires on land and at sea. ... In some parts of Europe, economic growth created larger towns and a more advanced market economy, known as merchant capitalism. That meant most production took place in small workshops.
In the period 1870–1890, western European society and politics opened up to new social groups. Politics became more inclusive; traditional social elites and the landed aristocracy saw their local influence wane.
The 16th century was a period of vigorous economic expansion. This expansion in turn played a major role in the many other transformations—social, political, and cultural—of the early modern age. By 1500 the population in most areas of Europe was increasing after two centuries of decline or stagnation.
How was Europe affected by social and economic crises in the seventeenth century? Europe was affected by social and economic crises because there population decreased, there mines were producing less silver, and fleets were attacked by pirates. What were the cause and affects of the Thirty Year War?
Europe engaged with the rest of the world through trade, exploration and colonialism, from the Ottoman Empire, to Spanish America, to the Dutch in south-east Asia. The intellectual sphere saw the scientific revolution and the early enlightenment, as witnessed for instance in the work of Gallileo, Spinoza and Descartes.
1600s–1700s Scientific Revolution begins; scientific method is developed. Galileo proves solar-centred universe; Isaac Newton studies gravity; William Harvey studies human circulation; microscope is invented. architectural wonder of the world. builds the elaborate Palais de Versailles in ornate baroque style.
In Europe, the eighteenth century was a period of intellectual, social, and political ferment. This time is often referred to as the Age of Enlightenment, for it was in the 18th century that the ideas of the previous 100 years were implemented on a broad scale.
There was much social change in the 19th century. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First and Second Industrial Revolutions (which also overlap with the 18th and 20th centuries, respectively) led to massive urbanisation and much higher levels of productivity, profit and prosperity.
How did class divisions in Europe change during the nineteenth century? The upper middle class had joined the elite, but the rest of the middle class remained the same. There was also a new white-collar middle class that were salespeople and secretaries.
The 19th century was a revolutionary period for European history and a time of great transformation in all spheres of life. Human and civil rights, democracy and nationalism, industrialisation and free market systems, all ushered in a period of change and chance.
The Industrial Revolution made some major impacts on British society, including the rise of factories, urbanization, humanitarian problems, and improvements in transportation.
France, Austria, and German states were busy with political upheaval and wars, but they too were gradually building factories and railroads. The United States, with its vast natural resources and huge market, greeted the Industrial Revolution with great enthusiasm.
The Industrial Revolution was a cultural and economic shift from the cottage industry, traditional agriculture, and manual labor to a system of factory-based manufacturing that included complex machinery, continual technological growth, new energy sources, and developments in transportation.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, where a series of inventions increased the production of manufactured goods.
In the early 1700s, Thomas Newcomen created an engine that used steam to push a piston up and down and pump water. Later in the century, James Watt made Newcomen's engine more efficient and added a rotating action that could power machines in factories.
Inventors created machines that boosted mass production and helped New England's textile industry flourish, while steamboats chugged up and down the mighty Mississippi and railways cut across the nation. Britain would soon have to work hard to keep its title and its industrial dominance. Lesson Summary.
In the cottage industry, workers labored at home at their own pace using simple machines to produce surplus goods for sale to neighbors and traveling merchants, but by the middle of the 18th century, demand had increased and innovations were arising that would trigger the Industrial Revolution.
High consumption of wood for heating, cooking, constructions, shipbuilding and industrial uses led to severe deforestation in Europe in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Shortages drove the cost of wood up.
This intellectual movement, which assumed that social behavior and institutions were governed by scientific laws , is called the Enlightenment .
In 1500 the Catholic Church, benefiting from European prosperity, was building new churches including a new Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Pope Leon X began a new capital campaign for Saint Peter’s by authorizing the sale of indulgences.
Peasants were free, not serfs. Still, they suffered from debt that forced many of them to sell their land to the rising members of the bourgeois class, who gained gentry status by purchasing land. “Gentry” simply means “fufu” or “stuck-up” or “poser.”
The two wars, of 1914–18 and 1939–45, brought the old Europe of the balance of power to the brink of destruction. Europeans were thenceforth spectators at or minor actors in the global balance of terror between the United States and the U.S.S.R.
“If it works, it’s obsolete.” First reported in or about 1950, the saying neatly expressed that period’s sense of the headlong speed at which technology was changing. But equally rapid change is the hallmark of many aspects of life since 1914, and nowhere has it been more apparent than in Europe. Photographs from 1914 preserve a period appearance ever more archaic: statesmen in frock coats and top hats; early automobiles that fit their contemporary description as “horseless carriages”; biplane “flying machines” with open cockpits; long, voluminous bathing costumes. The young 20th century, its advent celebrated in such enterprises as The New Century Library—pocket editions of classics recently out of copyright—appears in such images more and more like a mere continuation of the century before.
However, throughout the years [emerged] the Enlightenment, an era of reason and secularization. Women of high class were now increasingly exposed to education and (however unrelated to women’s rights but rather seen as a ‘tedious’ job for upperclass women) their children were taken care of by maids as well.
Responses earn one point by presenting a thesis that makes a historically defensible claim that responds to all parts of the question (1 point). While the thesis does not need to be a single sentence, it does need to be discrete, meaning it cannot be pieced together from across multi ple places within the essay.
1 pointPresents a thesis that makes a historically defensible claim and responds to all parts of the question. The thesis must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion. 0 pointsDoes not present a thesis that m akes a historically defensible claim and responds to all parts of the question.
The Age of Reason, as it was called, was spreading rapidly across Europe. In the late 17th century, scientists like Isaac Newton and writers like John Locke were challenging the old order. Newton's laws of gravity and motion described the world in terms of natural laws beyond any spiritual force.
In the wake of political turmoil in England, Locke asserted the right of a people to change a government that did not protect natural rights of life, liberty and property. People were beginning to doubt the existence of a God who could predestine human beings to eternal damnation and empower a tyrant for a king.
The constitutions of our first states and the United States Constitution reflect Enlightenment principles. The writings of Benjamin Franklin made many Enlightenment ideas accessible to the general public.