Oct 25, 2018 · Poll taxes and literacy tests were tools white supremacists formerly used to stop black Americans from voting. Paying a poll tax to vote was too expensive for many black citizens. Literacy tests were written to be confusing. Grandfather clauses gave white citizens a way to avoid losing the vote.
Jan 10, 2017 · The Grandfather Clauses, poll taxes, and the literacy tests that were used in the Southern states after 1890 were used to deny the suffrage rights to the African Americans. The grandfather clause only allowed people to vote who had voted previously. Since the African Americans had never voted, this made it impossible for them to vote.
In 1870, the United States passed the 15th Amendment to the Constitution, which guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race. In theory, Southern states couldn't stop black Americans from voting.
The 14th Amendment established that black Americans were entitled to equal protection under the law. By the end of the 19th century, the South had found a work-around: black and white Americans would be "separate but equal," a claim that covered up racial discrimination. The system of laws that imposed segregation was known as Jim Crow, ...
Jim Crow Died. The 1960s drove multiple death blows to "separate but equal.". The federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation. The Voting Rights Act the following year protected the black vote. Even so, states with poll taxes and literacy tests struggled to hold on to them.
The free-rider problem describes: a. the tendency of individuals to defect from group activity in favor of their own interests.
A three-tiered system comprising the national government, the state governments and the local governments. d. A four-tiered system comprising the national government, the state governments, the local county governments, and the local municipal governments.
d. reward or punish elected officials for their performance in office. d. reward or punish elected officials for their performance in office. A republic differs from a democracy because. a. republics are generally small and the people are generally responsible for making all of the major decisions.