Malaria case incidence reduced from 81 in 2000 to 59 in 2015 and 56 in 2019, before increasing again to 59 in 2020. Globally, malaria deaths reduced steadily over the period 2000–2019, from 896 000 in 2000 to 562 000 in 2015 and to 558 000 in 2019. In 2020, malaria deaths increased by 12% compared with 2019.
The three main climatic factors that directly affect malaria transmission are temperature, rainfall and relative humidity (the amount of moisture in the air).
Malaria transmission is seasonal in the Amhara region following seasonal patterns of climatic factors; the two main malaria transmission seasons occur in May–July following the end of the dry season and in September–December following the end of the wet season.
An increase in temperature, rainfall, and humidity may cause a proliferation of the malaria-carrying mosquitoes at higher altitudes, resulting in an increase in malaria transmission in areas in which it was not reported earlier.
Known risk factors for malaria include low utilization of Insecticidal Treated bed Nets (ITNs), low utilization of Indoor Residual Spray (IRS), availability of multiple mosquito breeding sites or stagnant water sites near the home, and staying outdoors overnight [8,9,10,11].
The age of the children, presence of anemia, education of the household head, household having electricity, access to television, residence type (rural or urban), and mosquito net use behavior for sleeping were found as significant determinants for malaria in children by both models, and the effects of these variables ...
Malaria is more common during the rainy season. This is because waterlogged and damp places provide suitable breeding environments for mosquitoes.
Malaria is transmitted year-round.
Malaria incidence (1) is expressed as the number of new cases per 100,000 population per year with the population of a country derived from projections made by the UN Population Division and the total proportion at risk estimated by a country's National Malaria Control Programme.
"If you have a [disease range] contraction due to temperature increases in the drier parts of the world and an increase in the cooler parts of the world, the population affected in the cooler ends of the malaria distribution would be larger," Bouma said.
Rainfall increases the breeding habitats for mosquitoes leading to increased population sizes and the rate of malaria transmission. The rate of development of the malaria parasite in female mosquitoes is very sensitive to ambient temperature.
Malaria typically is found in warmer regions of the world — in tropical and subtropical countries. Higher temperatures allow the Anopheles mosquito to thrive.