Preadolescent (8 – 13 years; puberty): seeks intimacy, collaboration and lovingness with same-sex peer (i.e. best friend). This so-called chum period is the prototype for a sense of intimacy. Sullivan believed that an early harbinger of schizophrenia is the absence of a chum or buddy.
Full Answer
18. In Sullivan's view, the shift in the "targets" of intimacy during early adolescence from same-sex to other-sex relationships is primarily motivated by: A. the need to transition from nonromantic to romantic relationships. B. the onset of puberty and the emergence of sexuality and a biologically based sex drive. C.
One of the central issues in the study of intimacy during adolescence is the onset of dating. C. Intimacy is characterized by a willingness to disclose private and occasionally sensitive topics and a sharing of common interests. D. Intimacy can take the form of close friendships between people of both sexes.
1 Heilbronn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. This article examines adolescent intimacy through a developmental lens.
18. In Sullivan's view, the shift in the "targets" of intimacy during early adolescence from same-sex to other-sex relationships is primarily motivated by: A. the need to transition from nonromantic to romantic relationships.
Sullivan considered an understanding of the course of human development to be essential to understanding individuals. He described seven developmental epochs: infancy, childhood, the juvenile era, preadolescence, early adolescence, late adolescence, and adulthood (Sullivan, 1953, 1954, 1964).
T/F According to Sullivan, intimacy should develop prior to adolescence. T/F Sullivan believed that other people are indispensable in the development of one's personality. T/F In Sullivan's theory, the childhood stage begins at about 2 years of age and ends at about age 10.
the theory of personality developed by Harry Stack Sullivan , which is based on the belief that people's interactions with other people, especially significant others, determine their sense of security, sense of self, and the dynamisms that motivate their behavior.
Juvenile Era During the juvenile stage, Sullivan believed, a child should learn to compete, compromise, and cooperate.
The Interpersonal Theory explains three types of self: the good me, bad me, and not me. The “good me” versus the “bad me” based on social appraisal and the anxiety that results from negative feedback. The “not me” refers to the unknown, repressed component of the self.
Anxiety, for Sullivan, was the experi- ence of a threatened loss of the sense of secu- rity of the self. “Security operations” were ef- forts to counteract anxiety. The “self system” was an organization of security operations de- signed to deal with anxiety and re–establish a sense of security.
Sullivan argued that individuals' self-identity is built up over the years through their perceptions of how they are regarded by significant people in their environments. Different stages in the course of behavioral development correspond to different ways of interacting with others.
Sullivan believed that all psychological disorders have an interpersonal origin and can be understood only with reference to the patient's social environment.
Sullivan divided cognition into three levels or modes of experience: prototaxic, parataxic, and syntaxic. Levels of cognition refer to ways of perceiving, imagining, and conceiving.
Freud argued that most neurotic disturbances resulted from interference by other persons in an individual's normal processes of development. Sullivan believed that Freud did not go far enough with this idea because he left the illness, the neurosis, within the individual as an encapsulated entity.
n. 1. in the approach of Harry Stack Sullivan , the pattern of feelings and attitudes toward another person that arises out of interpersonal relations with him or her.
By. As proposed by US psychoanalyst Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949), various interpersonal protective procedures, including arrogance, boredom, or irritability, which are employed as a defense against apprehension or decrease in self-confidence.
Intimacy is an integrating dynamism that tends to draw out loving reactions from the other person, thereby decreasing anxiety and loneliness, two extremely painful experiences. Because intimacy helps us avoid anxiety and loneliness, it is a rewarding experience that most healthy people desire (Sullivan, 1953b). Lust.
Malevolence. Malevolence is the disjunctive dynamism of evil and hatred, characterized by the feeling of living among one’s enemies (Sullivan, 1953b). It originates around age 2 or 3 years when children’s actions that earlier had brought about maternal tenderness are rebuffed, ignored, or met with anxiety and pain.
First, anxiety usually stems from complex interpersonal situations and is only vaguely represented in awareness; fear is more clearly discerned and its origins more easily pinpointed. Second, anxiety has no positive value.
Sullivan (1953b) postulated that it is transferred from the parent to the infant through the process of empathy. Anxiety in the mothering one inevitably induces anxiety in the infant. Because all mothers have some amount of anxiety while caring for their babies, all infants will become anxious to some degree.
An infant expresses both anxiety and hunger through crying. The baby may even stop breathing and turn a bluish color, but the built-in protections of apathy and somnolent detachment keep the infant from death. Apathy and somnolent detachment allow the infant to fall asleep despite the hunger (Sullivan, 1953b).
mile beyond Harry in another school district, but who was now beginning high school in Smyrna. A bright student, Sullivan graduated from high school as valedictorian at age 16. He then entered Cornell University intending to become a physicist, although he also had an interest in psychiatry.
In the United States, the juvenile stage is roughly parallel to the first 3 years of school, beginning around age 5 or 6 and ending at about age 81/2. During the juvenile stage, Sullivan believed, a child should learn to compete, compromise, and cooperate.
The fourth stage, Preadolescence, is between nine and twelve years of age. It is characterized by the development of relationships within the same gender. Early adolescence occurs from twelve to fourteen years. During this stage, the adolescent develops an identity. The sixth stage, late adolescence, runs from fourteen to twenty-one years of age. ...
The Interpersonal Theory explains six developmental stages, which Stack-Sullivan calls “epochs” or heuristic stages in development. The first stage, called Infancy , occurs from birth to eighteen months. The main characteristic of this stage is the gratification of needs. The second stage begins at eighteen months and runs until six years of age.
This model of nursing provides the basis for interpersonal psychotherapy to specifically address patients with depression and schizophrenia. The theory proposes that depression most often develops in the context of adverse events, especially loss.
The Interpersonal Theory explains three types of self: the good me , bad me , and not me. The “good me” versus the “bad me” based on social appraisal and the anxiety that results from negative feedback. The “not me” refers to the unknown, repressed component of the self.
The second stage begins at eighteen months and runs until six years of age. This stage, Childhood, is characterized by delayed gratification. The Juvenile Era, which occurs between six and nine years of age, is characterized by the formation of a peer group.
Henry Stack-Sullivan, who is considered the father of interpersonal psychiatry, developed the Interpersonal Theory of Nursing. This theory explained the role of interpersonal relationships and social experiences in regards to the shaping of personalities, as well as the importance of life events to psychopathology. Stack-Sullivan’s theory states that the purpose of behavior is for the patient to have his or her needs met through interpersonal interactions, as well as decrease or avoid anxiety.
The sixth stage, late adolescence, runs from fourteen to twenty-one years of age. This final stage in Stack-Sullivan’s model of nursing is characterized by the formation of lasting, intimate relationships. The Interpersonal Theory explains three types of self: the good me, bad me, and not me.