sitting up in a forward-leaning position generally relieves which breathing disorder course hero

How is orthopnea generally relieved by sitting up?

Of the options available, only orthopnea is generally relieved by sitting up in a forward-leaning posture or supporting the upper body on several pillows. Kussmaul respirations as a respiratory pattern may be associated with which characteristic(s)? a. Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing b. Pulmonary fibrosis

What causes alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing?

ANS: A Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing are characteristic of Cheyne-Stokes respirations and are the result of any condition that slows the blood flow to the brainstem, which in turn slows impulses that send information to the respiratory centers of the brainstem.

What is the first line of Defense for lower respiratory tract infection?

Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions is the most common route of lower respiratory tract infection; thus the nasopharynx and oropharynx constitute the first line of defense for most infectious agents. What is the initial step in the management of emphysema? a. Inhaled anticholinergic agents

When both constrictions and dilations deform the bronchi?

Varicose bronchiectasis exists when both constrictions and dilations deform the bronchi. Which pleural abnormality involves a site of pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration?

What is left side heart failure?

Left side heart failure. Pulmonary edema usually begins to develop at a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of left atrial pressure of how many millimeters of mercury (mmHg) 20. The collapse of lung tissue caused by the lack of collateral ventilation through the pores of Kohn is referred to as what type of atelectasis.

What is exudative effusion?

A,C,D,E Exudative effusion contains high concentrations of white blood cells, Exudative effusion may occur in response to an inflammatory process, The presence of a malignant cancer can trigger exudative effusion, Exudative effusion is a result of increased capillary permeability. Which characteristics are symptomatic of a flail chest.

What is the characteristic of Cheyne Stokes respiration?

Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing are characteristic of Cheyne-Stokes respirations and are the result of any condition that slows the blood flow to the brainstem, which in turn slows impulses that send information to the respiratory centers of the brainstem.

What is PAH characterized by?

PAH is characterized by endothelial dysfunction with an overproduction of vasoconstrictors (e.g., thromboxane, endothelin) and decreased production of vasodilators. (e.g., nitric oxide, prostacyclin), resulting in narrowed pulmonary capillaries. None of the remaining options result in pulmonary hypertension.

What is the role of macrophages in defense?

In defense, macrophages and lymphocytes release interferon, which inhibits the replication of the micro organism and stimulates more macrophages to attack the bacterium. Apoptotic infected macrophages can also activate cytotoxic T cells (cluster of differentiation [CD] 8).

Is dyspnea a pulmonary disease?

Dyspnea may be the result of pulmonary disease or many other conditions, such as pain, heart disease, trauma, and anxiety. No data are available to support the role of decreased blood flow to the medulla oblongata as being a cause of dyspnea.