Economist and sociologist Max Weber realized this when he examined individual action as it relates to authority, as well as large-scale structures of authority and how they relate to a society’s economy. Based on this work, Weber developed a classification system for authority. His three types of authority are traditional authority, ...
People adhere to traditional authority because they are invested in the past and feel obligated to perpetuate it. In this type of authority, a ruler typically has no real force to carry out his will or maintain his position but depends primarily on a group’s respect.
People listen to authority figures because they feel that these individuals are worthy of respect. Generally speaking, people perceive the objectives and demands of an authority figure as reasonable and beneficial, or true. A citizen’s interaction with a police officer is a good example of how people react to authority in everyday life.
For instance, a person who sees the flashing red and blue lights of a police car in his rearview mirror usually pulls to the side of the road without hesitation. Such a driver most likely assumes that the police officer behind him serves as a legitimate source of authority and has the right to pull him over.
According to Weber, the power of traditional authority is accepted because that has traditionally been the case; its legitimacy exists because it has been accepted for a long time. Britain’s Queen Elizabeth, for instance, occupies a position that she inherited based on the traditional rules of succession for the monarchy. People adhere to traditional authority because they are invested in the past and feel obligated to perpetuate it. In this type of authority, a ruler typically has no real force to carry out his will or maintain his position but depends primarily on a group’s respect.
Based on this work, Weber developed a classification system for authority. His three types of authority are traditional authority, charismatic authority and legal-rational authority (Weber 1922).
Rational-Legal Authority. According to Weber, power made legitimate by laws, written rules, and regulations is termed rational-legal authority. In this type of authority, power is vested in a particular rationale, system, or ideology and not necessarily in the person who implements the specifics of that doctrine.
To most contemporaries, Progressivism meant the use of science, engineering, technology, and the new social sciences to promote modernization and identify solutions to political corruption and inefficiency.
Roosevelt was a prominent conservationist, putting the issue high on the national agenda. He worked with all of the major figures of the movement, especially his chief advisor on the matter, Gifford Pinchot. Roosevelt was deeply committed to conserving natural resources, and is considered to be the nation’s first conservation president. He encouraged the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902 to promote federal construction of dams to irrigate small farms and placed 230 million acres under federal protection. Roosevelt set aside more federal land, national parks, and nature preserves than all of his predecessors combined.
Roosevelt pushed several pieces of domestic legislation through Congress that embodied the Progressive reform movement. Progressivism was a powerful political and social force by the turn of the century, and many Americans considered Roosevelt as the leader of the Progressive movement. To most contemporaries, Progressivism meant the use of science, engineering, technology, and the new social sciences to promote modernization and identify solutions to political corruption and inefficiency. Roosevelt, trained as a biologist, identified himself and his programs with this scientific approach to targeting and eliminating social and political ills.
By 1904, 318 trusts including those in railroads, local transit, and the banking industry controlled two-fifths of the nation’s industrial output. One of Roosevelt’s first notable acts as president was to deliver a 20,000-word address to Congress asking it to curb the power of large corporations.
Roosevelt’s Presidency. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. As a leader of the Republican Party, he became a driving force during the Progressive Era in the early twentieth century.
Perhaps one of the most remarkable characteristics of Theodore Roosevelt ‘s presidency was his conviction that the president, by virtue of his election by the nation, was the representative figure of the American people, as opposed to Congress.
The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 banned misleading labels and preservatives that contained harmful chemicals. The Pure Food and Drug Act banned impure or falsely labeled food and drugs from being made, sold, and shipped. Roosevelt also served as honorary president of the American School Hygiene Association from 1907 to 1908, and in 1909, he convened the first White House Conference on the Care of Dependent Children. The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 were both widely accredited to Upton Sinclair ‘s The Jungle, which revealed the horrific and unsanitary processes of meat production.
In the text, the author describes an experiment in which a group of children was told a hypothetical story in which an adult punished a neutral act, such as a child practicing a musical instrument. Afterward, the children classified the act of playing a musical instrument as bad behavior.
The environmental movement in the United States seeks to protect forests and other pristine lands. To most Americans, respecting natural lands and animals probably is consistent with their ethical system. In some other countries, laws protecting the lands do not exist.
true. The idea of critical thinking is to be more cognizant of facts as opposed to concepts, assumptions. true. Police officers have the power to deprive people of their liberty and the power to decide which individuals to investigate. true. Moral judgments must involve an actual act, not just a thought or belief.
Larry's house has caught fire, and he is trapped inside. The neighbors called 911. Two firefighters and one of the neighbors (an accountant) entered the house in an attempt to save Larry. Another neighbor tore away the screening around Larry's porch so that his dog could run to safety.
The hedging pressure hypothesis expands on insurance theory by including long hedgers as well as short hedgers. This theory suggests futures markets will be in backwardation when short hedgers dominate and in contango when long hedgers dominate.
The going concern assumption is simply the assumption that a company will continue to operate as a business as opposed to going out of business.#N #The liquidation value is the estimate of what the assets of the firm would bring if sold separately, net of the company's liabilities.
Advantages of using simulations in decision-making include 1) the analyst is encouraged to more carefully estimate the inputs, and 2) the expected-value output takes the form of a distribution of expected value and thus is more informative than a point estimate. ...
... NOI is equal to potential gross income (rental income fully leased plus other income) less vacancy and collection losses and operating expenses. The cap rate, discount rate, and growth rate are linked.
... Members must understand and comply with laws, rules, regulations, and Code and Standards of any authority governing their activities. In the event of a conflict, follow the more strict law, rule, or regulation.
Leaving an employer: Members must continue to act in their employer's best interests until resignation is effective. Whistleblowing: There may be isolated cases where a duty to one's employer may be violated in order to protect clients or the integrity of the market, and not for personal gain. ...
Under the liquidity preference theory, investors would earn an extra return for investing in longer-maturity bonds rather than in shorter-maturity bonds. Such extra positive risk-premium linked to maturity of the bonds is absent in the pure expectations and the market segmentation theory. ...