period of time in which western powers played an imperial role in china course hero

This period lasted from about 475 BCE to 221 BCE, when the western state of Qin conquered its neighbors and established the Qin Dynasty. Qin rule was the first time all of China had been united under an emperor. Many philosophies about life and governance emerged during the Warring States Period.

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How did the Western powers respond to the Chinese Revolution?

From the mid-1850s to the beginning of World War I, many Western nations were expanding into Asia. The "Age of Imperialism" was fueled by the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States, and it profoundly influenced nation building efforts in Japan and China. As the desire to exert regional strength grew, Japan also began to expand ...

What was the Chinese Revolution of 1911 Quizlet?

Today, the Western powers are still playing a role in the global opium trade. They are the primary consumers of Afghan heroin and they continue to support the Afghan government and security forces, which are complicit in the opium trade. The Western powers have also been accused of failing to do enough to stop the flow of opium from Afghanistan ...

How did Western countries take advantage of China’s colonization?

Explore Japan and China’s Differing Responses to Western Imperialism Break the class into groups of three to four students, and give half the class the handout Timeline of Major Events in Japan, 1853–1919 and half the class the handout Timeline of Major Events in China, 1839–1919 .

What happened to China in the 19th and 20th centuries?

The century of humiliation, also known as the hundred years of national humiliation, is the term used in China to describe the period of intervention and subjugation of the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China by Western powers and Japan from 1839 to 1949.. The term arose in 1915, in the atmosphere of rising Chinese nationalism opposing the Twenty-One Demands made by the …

When was the imperial era in China?

What was the imperial dynasty of China?

What do we call the periods of Chinese history in which groups ruled for long time periods?

How did the Western powers affect China?

What is Imperial China known for?

What is the meaning of Imperial China?

Which came first the Eastern or the Western Zhou periods?

Which dynasty was the longest lasting in China?

What dynasty came after the Qin Dynasty?

How did China responded to imperial influence?

When did the West enter China?

How did Western powers control trade with China?

Essential Questions

How do nations create their identities by separating “us” from “them”? How might a sense of nationalism built around such ideas contribute to the outbreak of war, the dehumanization of enemies, and the perpetration of atrocities?

Guiding Questions

How are nations' identities affected by their contacts and conflicts with others?

Learning Objectives

Students will understand that for China, the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries marked an era of humiliating defeats at the hands of Westerners and internal strife, including multiple civil wars.

Overview

In the opening lesson of this unit, students will begin to explore the factors that contributed to Japan’s invasion of China during World War II and the occupation of Nanjing.

Context

Around the world, change, upheaval, growth, and creativity marked the first decades of the twentieth century. As industrialization continued to expand at a rapid pace, the colonial ambitions of European powers, fueled by beliefs of racial and cultural superiority, spread to Africa and Asia.

Notes to Teacher

The timelines for this lesson (Activity 3) introduce many historical events that will be unfamiliar to students.

Activities

To open the lesson, project or distribute copies of the Japanese Woodblock Print, 1861 to students. To provide students with the opportunity to draw their own conclusions about the image, do not offer any context at this time, including the title of the image.

Who declared the end of the century of humilation?

Both Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong declared the end of the Century of Humiliation in the aftermath of World War II, with Chiang promoting his wartime resistance to Japanese rule and China's place among the Big Four in the victorious Allies in 1945, while Mao declared it with the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

What was the second Sino-Japanese war?

The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) In this period, China suffered major internal fragmentation, lost almost all of the wars it fought, and was often forced to give major concessions to the great powers in the subsequent treaties.

What is the century of humiliation?

The century of humiliation, also known as the hundred years of national humiliation, is the term used in China to describe the period of intervention and subjugation of the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China by Western powers and Japan in between 18 39 and 1949 . The term arose in 1915, in the atmosphere of rising Chinese nationalism opposing ...

What was the British expedition to Tibet?

British expedition to Tibet (1903–1904) The Twenty-One Demands (1915) for loan advantage and local government control by Japan. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) in which German territory in China was handed to Japan and led to the anti-imperialist May Fourth Movement.

What war did China lose?

Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931–1932) The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) In this period, China suffered major internal fragmentation, lost almost all of the wars it fought, and was often forced to give major concessions to the great powers in the subsequent treaties.

When was Chusan captured?

Capture of Chusan during the First Opium War in 1841. Ruins of the Old Summer Palace, which was looted and destroyed by Anglo-French troops during the Second Opium War in 1860. French troops capture a Chinese fort at the Battle of Nui Bop during the Sino-French War, 1885.

What war did the British and French fight in?

Defeat in the Second Opium War (1856–1860) and the sacking of the Old Summer Palace by British and French forces. Signed the Treaty of Aigun (1858) and Treaty of Peking (1860) during the Second Opium War, which ceded Outer Manchuria to Russia.

What was China's trade relationship with the Western countries?

China in specific had a trade relationship with the Western countries, such as America and Great Britain, which developed into a war known as the Opium War. A relationship with the Western countries at times caused tension in Japan with threats of imperialism when they did not appreciate that Japan was isolated.

What is imperialism in China?

Imperialism is a country extending its power and influence through the use of military force. There were two wars between the imperialists and China, the first and second Opium wars. The result of these wars was the weakening of the Qing Dynasty and led to a time of rebuilding, which was a great struggle. Read More.

What did Great Britain do to China?

Great Britain encroached upon China their greed for open trade with the Chinese empire resulting in the deterioration of the Chinese culture, which led to the emergence of a modernized civilization. Japan was co-subjugated by Russia and the. Read More.

How did imperialism affect China?

Imperialism is a country extending its power and influence through the use of military force. There were two wars between the imperialists and China, the infamously called the First and Second Opium wars. The result of these wars was the weakening of the Qing Dynasty and led to a time of rebuilding, which was a great struggle for China. The Europeans wanted to trade with China because of the great opportunity that they saw in the market. China’s population, which was 430 million, was seen as a fast and easy way for the Europeans to make a lot of money. The Chinese refused to cooperate for trade which lead to the conflicts and eventually forced China to concede and have the trade ports opened. China was faced with circumstances they had never dealt with before and suffered from a series of crisis’ worse than any others in their history.

Why did Europeans want to trade with China?

The Europeans wanted to trade with China because of the great opportunity that they saw in the market. China’s population, which was 430 million, was seen as a fast and easy way for the Europeans to make a lot of money.

What was the Chinese Revolution of 1911?

1911. In October of 1911, a group of revolutionaries in southern China led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty, establishing in its place the Republic of China and ending the imperial system. In the Nineteenth Century, the Qing Empire faced a number of challenges to its rule, ...

What year did the Chinese Revolution take place?

The Chinese Revolution of. 1911. In October of 1911, a group of revolutionaries in southern China led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty, establishing in its place the Republic of China and ending the imperial system. Photograph of Revolutionaries in Shanghai. In the Nineteenth Century, the Qing Empire faced a number ...

What was the result of the Sino-Japanese War?

After its loss in the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), Imperial China was forced to relinquish control over still more of its territory, losing Taiwan and parts of Manchuria and ending its suzerainty over Korea. The Russo-Japanese War (1904–05) firmly established Japanese claims to the Northeast and further weakened Qing rule.

How long did the Taiping Rebellion last?

But meanwhile China’s weakness, along with the stresses induced by foreign intervention, was further intensified by an upsurge of peasant rebellions, especially the massive 14-year Taiping Rebellion (1850–64).

What were the major wars of the 18th century?

Slave trade. Colonial wars of the first half of the 18th century. King William’s War (War of the League of Augsburg) Queen Anne’s War (War of the Spanish Succession) King George’s War (War of the Austrian Succession) The French and Indian War (the Seven Years’ War) European expansion since 1763.

What was the European imperialism in Africa?

Even though Europeans had shared much history with the people of Africa's Mediterranean coast going back to the Classical Era (c. 600 BCE-C. 600 CE), they lacked the ability to move south of the Sahara Desert into Africa's interior.

What does imperial mean?

Imperial means "empire, " and in the era c. 1750-c. 1900, the western European powers-and to a lesser extent the United States and Japan-established empires outside of their borders. Western Europe's empires were global, and with territories in Africa, Asia, North and South America, Australia, and islands in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.

What were the inventions of the Industrial Revolution?

Using inventions of the Industrial Revolution such as steamboats, railroads, and machine guns , western European nations were able to overwhelm Africans with their new technologies. As a result, large numbers of Europeans with superior military forces reached the interior of Africa for the first time. . . 2.

What is the meaning of nationalism?

2. Nationalism - a sense of pride and devotion to one's country-was a powerful force in Europe and the Americas in the early nineteenth century. It was an important factor in the empire-building in this era. National pride showed itself in two ways.

What did the Europeans believe they were doing to the Little Brown Brothers?

After all, they reasoned, the Europeans developed the inventions of the Industrial Revolution that made it possible to travel around the world. To many Europeans, bringing "them" technology, plus education, medicine, and Christianity, was a noble cause.

What countries did the United States annexe?

Finally, the United States annexed Hawaii, with its rich sugar plantations and vital port, Pearl Harbor. 2.

When did Japan change its government?

When Japan changed its government in the 1860's in the Meiji Restoration, it was eager to join Germany and the United States in establishing a place with major powers of Europe. Japan began an aggressive campaign to create an empire in the Pacific region.

Reemergence of colonial rivalries

Although there are sharp differences of opinion over the reasons for, and the significance of, the “new imperialism ,” there is little dispute that at least two developments in the late 19th and in the beginning of the 20th century signify a new departure: (1) notable speedup in colonial acquisitions; (2) an increase in the number of colonial powers..

New acquisitions

The annexations during this new phase of imperial growth differed significantly from the expansionism earlier in the 19th century.

New colonial powers

This intensification of the drive for colonies reflected much more than a new wave of overseas activities by traditional colonial powers, including Russia.

Rise of new industrialized nations

Parallel with the emergence of new powers seeking a place in the colonial sun and the increasing rivalry among existing colonial powers was the rise of industrialized nations able and willing to challenge Great Britain’s lead in industry, finance, and world trade. In the mid-19th century Britain’s economy outdistanced by far its potential rivals.

Who were the 5 good emperors?

Among these leaders were Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. Collectively, they are known as the Five Good Emperors and they expanded Rome’s frontier to the height of its expansion, controlling territory from Britain all the way to parts of Mesopotamia.

When did the Western Empire collapse?

The Western Empire finally collapsed in A.D. 476 while the Eastern Empire continued on as the Byzantine Empire until the city fell in A.D. 1453. This is a bronze statue of Caesar Augustus in the Via del Fori Imperiali, Rome, Lazio, Italy. to wear away or become lower in quality.

What was the period of the Roman Empire?

Imperial Rome describes the period of the Roman Empire from 27 B.C. to A.D. 476. At its height in A.D. 117, Rome controlled all the land from Western Europe to the Middle East. The first Roman emperor was Augustus Caesar, who came to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar, his great-uncle. Augustus helped restore the city ...

Who was the first Roman emperor?

The first Roman emperor was Augustus Caesar, who came to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar, his great-uncle. Augustus helped restore the city of Rome and secured its frontiers during his reign. He also reformed laws and initiated large building projects within the imperial capital.

What was the name of the city that Constantine moved to?

He decided to move the imperial capital from Rome to the site of the ancient city of Byzantium, renaming the city Constantinople, and developing it further in the Roman style. Once Constantine moved the capital, Rome transitioned to a period of decline. War, a weakened treasury, and deterioration of infrastructure led to the loss ...

What does "empire" mean?

Noun. ruler of an empire. empire. Noun. group of nations, territories or other groups of people controlled by a single, more powerful authority. frontier. Noun. largely unpopulated area that is slowly being opened up for settlement. imperial.

What does "border" mean?

Noun. group of nations, territories or other groups of people controlled by a single, more powerful authority. frontier. Noun. largely unpopulated area that is slowly being opened up for settlement. imperial. Adjective. having to do with an empire.