1.) Octavian wanted to claim power and avenge Caesar's death, but Mark Antony and other rivals stood in his way 2.) After fighting one another in Gaul, Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus formed a triumvirate and avenged Caesar's death
Augustus held the title princeps, which means "king," or "emperor." T/F False How did Marius change the structure of Roman society and government? He opened military service to the landless poor and demonstrated the path from military service to consulship Who were the tribunes?
5.) Rome Identify the people who made up the plebeian classes. farmers and artisans, wealthy traders, and the urban poor Which events or people were apart of the legendary founding of Rome, rather than from the historical record of the Roman past? Aeneas of Troy, Romulus and Remus, and early Romans abducted Sabine wives
The difference between the first triumvirate (60 BCE) and the other was that the Octavian’s alliance was accepted by the Senate. The most important decision of the triumvirs was the one concerning dividing the empire. And so, Mark Antony got power over Cisalpine Gaul and Transalpine, Marcus Emilius Lepidus over Spain and Gaul of Narbonne, and Octavian over Africa, Sardinia and Sicily. Each of them also obtained power equal to the consular for 5 years. Octavian, in order to keep peace, resigned from the newly acquired consul office.#N#Moreover, a list of proscriptions was published, which included 300 senators and 2 000 equites. In return for cooperation with the triumvirs, the gratification was obtained by every citizen who managed to kill the person on the list, and then proved it to the office.#N#To strengthen the alliance, Octavian married Clodia Pulchra – the stepdaughter of Antonius – with whom he divorced two years later in 41 BCE. Octavian sent the girl to her mother, declaring that she remained a virgin, which was not too surprising given that she was barely 13 at the time of the divorce, and Octavian was known from his sensitivity.
Octavian’s rule is also the time of expanding the borders of the Roman Empire and of so-called Pax Romana – the state of peace existing inside and outside the country after 100 years of continuous wars.#N#After the battle of Actium, Egypt became the personal kingdom of Augustus, which was incorporated into the Empire. Augustus chose the following governors: Cornelius Gallus, Elius Gallus and Gaius Petronius, and the region was treated as the private domain of the emperor.#N#In North Africa, the ruler of Mauritania (today’s Morocco) Juba II recognized himself as the vassal of the Romans, and the territory of Carthage was widened to the east and south.
It is also worth mentioning his reforms in construction. Rome was divided into 14 regions. He organized a fire service ( vigles) and introduced new aqueducts. He raised two theaters and one amphitheater. He rebuilt the temples, erected the sanctuaries of the deities “protectors of the Julian family” and himself, including the Temple of Venus Genetrix in the Forum of Caesar, Temple of Mars Ultor in the Forum of Augustus, Victoria, Apollo in the Palatine, Romulus – the founder of Rome and Aeneas – the ancestor of Julian family. He removed eastern deities and forbade their worship.#N#During his reign, there were created the first large public bath and the first open library. A huge mausoleum, the tomb of the emperor and the family, was erected on the Field of Mars. At that time, Pantheon, the temple of all the gods, was finished.