kohlbers theory which course of action would best serve justice

Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning. Kohlberg's theory suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages. The theory also suggests that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice.

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Does Kohlberg’s theory account for the ethics of care and Justice?

actions based on how they serve individual needs. In the Heinz dilemma, children argued that the best course of action was the choice that best-served Heinz’s needs. Reciprocity is possible, but only if it serves one's own interests. Level 2. Conventional Morality • Stage 3 - …

What is Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning. Kohlberg's theory suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages. The theory also suggests that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice.

What is the first level of kohlber’s theory?

Kohlberg's theory proposes that there are three levels of moral development, with each level split into two stages. Kohlberg suggested that people move through these stages in a fixed order, and that moral understanding is linked to cognitive development.The three levels of moral reasoning include preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Is Kohlberg’s theory in the national standards?

Stage 1: Obedience -and- Punishment Orientation. Stage 1 focuses on the child’s desire to obey rules and avoid being punished. For example, an action is perceived as morally wrong because the perpetrator is punished; the worse the punishment for the act is, the more “bad” the act is perceived to be.

What is Kohlberg's morality of justice?

A morality of justice is about human rights—or more specifically, about respect for fairness, impartiality, equality, and individuals' independence.

What is Kohlberg's justice perspective?

Kohlberg's theory canonized the justice perspective favored by males because he and most of his subjects were male. Gilligan's research on women revealed, however, that a care perspective could also be a morally mature stage of moral reasoning, but one that is more favored by females.

What is Stage 5 of Kohlberg's moral development?

Stage 5 respondents basically believe that a good society is best conceived as a social contract into which people freely enter to work toward the benefit of all They recognize that different social groups within a society will have different values, but they believe that all rational people would agree on two points.

What are the 3 levels of Kohlberg's theory?

Kohlberg identified three distinct levels of moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Which one of the following best describes Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning? Moral reasoning is based on the individual's own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or right.

Why is Kohlberg's theory important?

While Kohlberg's theory of moral development has been criticized, the theory played an important role in the emergence of the field of moral psychology. Researchers continue to explore how moral reasoning develops and changes through life as well as the universality of these stages.Apr 24, 2021

What are the 6 stages of Kohlberg?

Kohlberg's 6 Stages of Moral DevelopmentThe full story. ... Stage 1: Obedience and punishment. ... Stage 2: Self-interest. ... Stage 3: Interpersonal accord and conformity. ... Stage 4: Authority and maintaining social order. ... Stage 5: Social contract. ... Stage 6: Universal ethical principles. ... Pre-conventional level.More items...•Jan 22, 2021

How did Kohlberg develop his theory?

This theory was developed through an inspiration by the works of Jean Piaget. Kohlberg created this theory while studying at the University of Chicago for his bachelor's degree. His contribution to the field of psychology took him in the league of the most renowned psychologists that the 20th century has produced.

How do you apply Kohlberg's theory to the classroom?

Most recent answerLawrence Kohlberg's theory on moral development can be applied to the classroom where rules, standards, and consequences are concerned. ... Students at stage one behave appropriately to avoid punishment. ... Allow for a written self evaluation as part of any disciplinary consequence.More items...

What is Kohlberg's highest stage of moral development?

Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientationStage 6: Universal ethical principle orientation According to Kohlberg, this is the highest stage of functioning. However, he claimed that some individuals will never reach this level. At this stage, the appropriate action is determined by one's self-chosen ethical principles of conscience.

What is Kohlberg's conventional stage of morality?

During the conventional level, an individual's sense of morality is tied to personal and societal relationships. Children continue to accept the rules of authority figures, but this is now because they believe that this is necessary to ensure positive relationships and societal order.

What stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development defines right by the decision of the conscience?

"right" defined by conscience in accord wtih self chosen ethical principles. A person in stage 5 follows a law even if it is not fair to a certain group, but in 6 may not follow a law because it clashes with their moral belief. Few get to this point. MLK would have fallen into this stage.

What is Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning. Kohlberg based his theory on a series of moral dilemmas were presented to these participants and they were also interviewed to determine the reasoning behind their judgments of each scenario. One example was “Heinz Steals the Drug.”. In this scenario, a woman has cancer and her doctors believe only one drug ...

What level of reasoning did Kohlberg use to determine whether Heinz was right or wrong?

The responses were then classified into various stages of reasoning in his theory of moral development. Level 1. Pre-Conventional Morality.

Why did Kohlberg believe women were at the third level of moral development?

Kohlberg believed that women tended to remain at the third level of moral development because they place a stronger emphasis on things such as social relationships and the welfare of others. Gilligan instead suggested that Kohlberg’s theory overemphasizes concepts such as justice and does not adequately address moral reasoning founded on ...

What is the difference between individualist and collectivist cultures?

Individualist cultures emphasize personal rights while collectivist cultures stress the importance of society and community. Eastern, collectivist cultures may have different moral outlooks that Kohlberg’s theory does not take into account.

What are the factors that influence moral reasoning?

Factors such as compassion, caring, and other interpersonal feelings may play an important part in moral reasoning.

Why is obedience important in moral development?

At this stage, Kohlberg says, children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment.

What is the good boy good girl?

Often referred to as the “good boy-good girl” orientation, the interpersonal relationships stage of moral development is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. There is an emphasis on conformity, being “nice,” and consideration of how choices influence relationships.

Who tested Kohlberg's theory?

However, longitudinal research on Kohlberg’s theory has since been carried out by Colby et al. (1983) who tested 58 male participants of Kohlberg’s original study.

What is Gilligan's claim about Kohlberg's theory?

In other words, Gilligan is claiming that there is a sex bias in Kohlberg’s theory. He neglects the feminine voice of compassion, love, and non-violence, which is associated with the socialization of girls.

What stage are boys at in Kohlberg's system?

Furthermore, Kohlberg claims that the moral reasoning of males has been often in advance of that of females. Girls are often found to be at stage 3 in Kohlberg’s system (good boy-nice girl orientation) whereas boys are more often found to be at stage 4 (Law and Order orientation). Gilligan (p. 484) replies:

What is the theory of moral development?

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Kohlberg's theory proposes that there are three levels of moral development, with each level split into two stages. Kohlberg suggested that people move through these stages in a fixed order, and that moral understanding is linked to cognitive development. The three levels of moral reasoning include ...

What is moral reasoning?

Individual judgment is based on self-chosen principles, and moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice. According to Kohlberg this level of moral reasoning is as far as most people get. Only 10-15% are capable of the kind of abstract thinking necessary for stage 5 or 6 (post-conventional morality).

What are the three levels of moral reasoning?

The three levels of moral reasoning include preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. By using children's responses to a series of moral dilemmas, Kohlberg established that the reasoning behind ...

What is the second stage of moral development?

Conventional morality is the second stage of moral development, and is characterized by an acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong. At the conventional level (most adolescents and adults), we begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models.

Why is Kohlberg's theory criticized?

Kohlberg’s theory has been criticized for its cultural and gendered bias toward white, upper-class men and boys. It also fails to account for inconsistencies within moral judgments.

What is the best known moral dilemma created by Kohlberg?

The best known moral dilemma created by Kohlberg is the “Heinz” dilemma, which discusses the idea of obeying the law versus saving a life. Kohlberg emphasized that it is the way an individual reasons about a dilemma that determines positive moral development.

What is the difference between a preconventional and conventional level?

During the preconventional level, a child’s sense of morality is externally controlled. Children accept and believe the rules of authority figures, such as parents and teachers, and they judge an action based on its consequences. During the conventional level, an individual’s sense of morality is tied to personal and societal relationships.

What is moral reasoning?

In stage 6, moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles. Generally, the chosen principles are abstract rather than concrete and focus on ideas such as equality, dignity, or respect. Laws are valid only insofar as they are grounded in justice, and a commitment to justice carries with it an obligation to disobey unjust laws. People choose the ethical principles they want to follow, and if they violate those principles, they feel guilty. In this way, the individual acts because it is morally right to do so (and not because he or she wants to avoid punishment), it is in their best interest, it is expected, it is legal, or it is previously agreed upon. Although Kohlberg insisted that stage six exists, he found it difficult to identify individuals who consistently operated at that level.

What are the three levels of moral development?

Kohlberg defined three levels of moral development: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. Each level has two distinct stages.

What is Kolhberg's theory of moral development?

Kolhberg’s theory of moral development states that we progress through three levels of moral thinking that build on our cognitive development.

What is the first level of morality?

Level 1: Preconventional. Throughout the preconventional level, a child’s sense of morality is externally controlled. Children accept and believe the rules of authority figures, such as parents and teachers.

What is the first level of Kohlberg's theory?

An overview of the levels and stages of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development. Kohlber’s theory calls the first level “pre-conventional.”. This means that they happen before adolescence. In the pre-conventional level, stages one and two, young people are acting to avoid a consequence, and acting to get a fair deal.

What is Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Teaching Kohlberg’s theory of moral development can help students – and teachers – create a saner, safer school environment. I learned this the hard way several years ago. I knew the lesson wasn’t my most riveting work. In fact, I cannot remember what I was teaching that day.

What is Piaget's last stage?

In Piaget’s last stage, a person can understand abstract concepts such as morality and virtue. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development. Kohlberg researched how morality progressed in individuals, and found that there was a similar, predictable progression. Kohlberg theory described the stages as demonstrated in the chart below.

What does "stop providing punishments" mean?

Stop providing punishments or threats of punishments to address every undesirable behavior. It is easy to reach for the Saturday School slip for every transgression. However, this does not promote a sense of the action’s impact on others, nor does it provide replacement behaviors.

What is a society full of people who do the right thing because of an internal belief in doing what is right?

A society full of people who do the right thing because of an internal belief in doing what is right is an unimaginable utopia. If we accept Kohlberg’s theory as fact, we have real and meaningful work to do, and an important question to ask.

Who developed the moral development theory?

It was years later that I encountered Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Kohlberg worked from Jean Piaget’ s framework suggesting that a child develops cognitively in a predictable pattern. Much like how a child develops physically – first turning over, then crawling, then walking – Piaget demonstrated that a child moved from a concrete operational stage to a formal operational stage.

Is Kohlberg's theory in the Common Core?

Kohlberg’s theory is not in the national standards. The process of moving students up through these stages is not in the Common Core, nor in the expectations of future employees. It is definitely not on the AIR or ACT tests, nor the State Report Card.

Level 1. Pre-Conventional Morality

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Level 2. Conventional Morality

Level 3. Post-Conventional Morality