FEDERAL GRANTS-IN-AID. Federal grants-in-aid are subventions to state or local governments, private institutions, or individuals in support of a wide variety of undertakings. Early in the nineteenth century, governmental transfers of land were used to support road construction and agricultural education.
Most of the current 500 or so national grant programs are intergovernmental, and federal monies under them constitute about one-quarter of the annual expenditures of both state and local governments.
federal grants-in-aid used only for a designated activity are called categorical grants which of the following is a national power only? national defense a federal system is one where constitutional authority is divided between a national government and state governments.
Notwithstanding federalism-inspired movements toward less directive federal grants, known as revenue sharing and block grants, most aid programs remain categorical, with narrowly defined undertakings and detailed conditions imposed on the receiving agencies.
if a state accepts a federal grant- in - aid, it must: - comply with federal restrictions on its use. - reimburse the federal government after a specified period. - match the funds with twice that amount in state funds.
from 1789 to 1865, the significant issue of federalism was: - the application of the Bill of Rights to action by the state governments. - whether the states would accept the lawful authority of the national government. - whether business trusts would be regulated primarily by the states or by the national government.
dual federalism held that: - the states were equal to the national government in all respects. - a precise separation of national and state authority was both possible and desirable. - national and state authority were indivisible. - the Senate and the House were equal in their federal authority.
the period of dual federalism (1865-1937) was marked by: - congressional supremacy in the area of commerce. - state-government supremacy in the area of commerce. - presidential supremacy in the area of commerce. - business supremacy in the area of commerce. - national supremacy in the area of commerce .
John C Calhoun. "McCulloch v Maryland": - ruled in favor of state-centered federalism. - asserted that the necessary and proper clause was a restriction on the power of the national government. - affirmed that national law is supreme to conflicting state law.
in key decisions early in the New Deals era, the Supreme Court: - invalidated key pieces of FDR's New Deal legislation. - upheld FDR's "court-packing" proposal. - ruled that segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment. - ruled that public accommodations were part of interstate commerce.
According to the Anti-Federalists, too strong of a national government meant: - eventual encroachment upon the sovereignty of the states. - that a new constitutional convention would have to convene every few years. - that a monarchy was preferable to a republic.
They are designed primarily to allow the national government to declare war, regulate interstate commerce, issue currency, and establish an army and navy.
The United States has a federal system of government, in which sovereign authority is divided between a national government and state/regional governments. In other words, federalism is a system where sovereignty, or ultimate governing authority, is divided between national and regional governing levels.