in the context of philosophy, what are claims? course hero

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What do philosophers make claims about?

What is the statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply?

What did the Sophists teach?

Which Socratic dialogue presents the speech of legal self defense?

What would the freed prisoner think of the world outside the cave?

What is a cooperative argumentative dialogue?

What is the definition of coherence?

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What are claims in the context of philosophy?

A claim is a debatable statement that an author manifests in a text or theoretical construction, so that the reader accepts it, something that not everyone will accept. An objective claim is a statement about a factual matter-one that can be proved true or false.

What does the major moral theory known as virtue ethics primarily concern itself?

virtue ethics, Approach to ethics that takes the notion of virtue (often conceived as excellence) as fundamental. Virtue ethics is primarily concerned with traits of character that are essential to human flourishing, not with the enumeration of duties.

What is the best indication that a particular ethical theory is strong?

indication that a particular ethical theory is strong? It is consistent. wisdom.”

What is virtue ethics in simple words?

Virtue ethics is a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather than either doing one's duty or acting in order to bring about good consequences.

What is virtue ethics and why is it important?

Virtue ethics is based on a positive view of human nature, one that takes into account that humans are strongly predisposed to (a) recognize excellence in others whom they can take as role models and (b) gain fulfillment from a life lived virtuously (eudaimonia).

What makes a good person philosophy?

Here, the cardinal virtues—courage, justice, temperance (moderation or restraint) and wisdom—are meant to guide our decision-making processes. They also provide one set of criteria: a person who possesses these qualities might be considered objectively “good.”

What does the word philosophy literally mean?

love of wisdomQuite literally, the term "philosophy" means, "love of wisdom." In a broad sense, philosophy is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other.

Are values or ethics more important?

Ethics are consistent, whereas values are different for different persons, i.e. what is important for one person, may not be important for another person. Values tell us what we want to do or achieve in our life, whereas ethics helps us in deciding what is morally correct or incorrect, in the given situation.

What does a moral theory explain?

Moral Theory. A moral theory explains not why one event causes another but why an action is right or wrong or why a person or a person's character is good or bad, A moral theory tells us what it is about an action that makes it right, or what it is about a person that makes him or her good.

What does moral understanding require according to virtue ethics?

ethical pluralism. What does moral understanding require, according to virtue ethics? The application of absolute rules to particular cases. Calculation about the effects of one's actions.

What are the 3 main theories of ethics?

These three theories of ethics (utilitarian ethics, deontological ethics, virtue ethics) form the foundation of normative ethics conversations.

What a moral theory is supposed to explain?

Moral theories, such as the variations on virtue ethics, deontological ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism, are expected – inter alia – to explain the basic orientation of morality, give us principles and directives, justify those, and thereby (if all goes well) guide our actions.

What do philosophers make claims about?

philosophers make claims about what is true, real and morally good which often conflict with each other. These help you decide

What is the statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply?

the statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply, the statement that indicates of what the arguer is trying to convince the reader/listener. What is the argument trying to prove? There can be only one conclusion in a single argument.

What did the Sophists teach?

In general, they claimed to teach arete ("excellence" or "virtue", applied to various subject areas), predominantly to young statesmen and nobility. The early sophists' practice of charging money for education and providing wisdom only to those who could pay resulted in the condemnations made by Socrates through Plato in his Dialogues

Which Socratic dialogue presents the speech of legal self defense?

the Socratic dialogue that presents the speech of legal self-defense, which Socrates presented at his trial for impiety and corruption, in 399 BC.#N#Specifically, it is a defense against the charges of "corrupting the young" and "not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel" to Athens (24b). [2]

What would the freed prisoner think of the world outside the cave?

the freed prisoner would think that the world outside the cave was superior to the world he experienced in the cave; he would want to bring his fellow cave dwellers out of the cave and into the sunlight. The returning prisoner, whose eyes have become accustomed to the sunlight, would be blind when he re-enters the cave. The prisoners would infer from the returning man's blindness that the journey out of the cave had harmed him and that they should not undertake a similar journey. Socrates concludes that the prisoners, if they were able, would therefore reach out and kill anyone who attempted to drag them out of the cave (517a). [3

What is a cooperative argumentative dialogue?

a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presumptions.

What is the definition of coherence?

Coherence describes the way anything, such as an argument (or part of an argument) "hangs together." If something has coherence, its parts are well-connected and all heading in the same direction.

What is the study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief?

It analyzes the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief and justification. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims. It is essentially about issues having to do with the creation and dissemination of knowledge in particular areas of inquiry.

Can a conclusion be false?

it is absolutely impossible for its premises to be true and its conclusion false (premises entail or imply the conclusion); In effect, an argument fits this if the truth of the premises logically guarantees the truth of the conclusion.

What are the problems of philosophy?

It has been maintained that much of the productiveness of Russell's career derived from his treatment of old problems with new logic. Russell introduces a number of other philosophers and schools of thought, which have notably preceded him. He sketches overviews of their positions and provides a context of philosophic problems common to all philosophy, problems like: public and private experience, personal identity, self-consciousness and consciousness of other minds, relations of space and time, and knowledge itself. Russell's own innovative theories cross any boundary between metaphysical and epistemological concerns. He is interested primarily in distinctions of knowledge of things (particulars) as opposed to knowledge of truths (universals) and with distinguishing appearance from reality.

What was Russell's philosophy after 1898?

After 1898, Russell submitted that all his philosophy would be structured and aptly described as logical atomism, in which some things would be taken as basic and some other things would need to be constructed from basics by way of careful logical processes.

Who advocated the use of analysis for excavating the logical form of reality?

The practice of analysis by Russell and Moore involved propositions and concepts, not ordinary language. Russell advocated the use of analysis for excavating the logical form of reality. For this methodology, he is known as one of the founders of Western analytic philosophy.

What did Russell's theory of descriptions help him with?

With his theory of description Russell recognized that most names contained hidden definite descriptions, which enable Russell to adopt a moderate realism.

What do philosophers make claims about?

philosophers make claims about what is true, real and morally good which often conflict with each other. These help you decide

What is the statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply?

the statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply, the statement that indicates of what the arguer is trying to convince the reader/listener. What is the argument trying to prove? There can be only one conclusion in a single argument.

What did the Sophists teach?

In general, they claimed to teach arete ("excellence" or "virtue", applied to various subject areas), predominantly to young statesmen and nobility. The early sophists' practice of charging money for education and providing wisdom only to those who could pay resulted in the condemnations made by Socrates through Plato in his Dialogues

Which Socratic dialogue presents the speech of legal self defense?

the Socratic dialogue that presents the speech of legal self-defense, which Socrates presented at his trial for impiety and corruption, in 399 BC.#N#Specifically, it is a defense against the charges of "corrupting the young" and "not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel" to Athens (24b). [2]

What would the freed prisoner think of the world outside the cave?

the freed prisoner would think that the world outside the cave was superior to the world he experienced in the cave; he would want to bring his fellow cave dwellers out of the cave and into the sunlight. The returning prisoner, whose eyes have become accustomed to the sunlight, would be blind when he re-enters the cave. The prisoners would infer from the returning man's blindness that the journey out of the cave had harmed him and that they should not undertake a similar journey. Socrates concludes that the prisoners, if they were able, would therefore reach out and kill anyone who attempted to drag them out of the cave (517a). [3

What is a cooperative argumentative dialogue?

a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presumptions.

What is the definition of coherence?

Coherence describes the way anything, such as an argument (or part of an argument) "hangs together." If something has coherence, its parts are well-connected and all heading in the same direction.