in the context of infectious diseases, what is a vector? course hero

The agents who spread the pathogens or pass them on are called vectors or intermediaries of the disease. Causes of Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens invading the body. For, e.g., a particular virus can trigger a viral infection.

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Which of the following is an infectious disease?

Oct 30, 2016 · Question 5 of 10 1.0/ 1.0 Points In the context of infectious diseases, what is a vector? A.the connection between any two links in the chain of infection B.a primitive one-celled organism that causes disease in humans C.a living organism that serves as a mode of transmission for a pathogen D.the substance released by an infectious agent that causes …

What are the agents of infectious diseases?

In the context of infectious diseases, a vector is defined as 'an insect or any living carrier that transports an infectious agent from an infected individual or its wastes to a susceptible individual or its food or immediate surroundings'. These lead to vector-borne infections.

What is involved in infection?

The agents who spread the pathogens or pass them on are called vectors or intermediaries of the disease. Causes of Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens invading the body. For, e.g., a particular virus can trigger a viral infection. There are infectious agents all around us, and they come in varying forms and sizes.

What is this manual on infections and infectious diseases for?

May 01, 2016 · disease, the means of transmission, and how easily the disease is transmitted. Some diseases are entirely preventable by vaccination (e.g. measles and polio), or by access to improved sanitation and clean drinking water (e.g. diarrhoeal and parasitic diseases). Others are treatable when detected in a timely manner (e.g. tuberculosis and malaria).

What is an infectious vector?

A vector is a living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal. Vectors are frequently arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas and lice.

What are host and vector in infectious diseases?

Introduction. The terms host and vector refer to the route of transmission of some infectious diseases to humans and animals. The host is the living being that the bacteria, virus, protozoan, or other disease-causing microorganism normally resides in.

What is vector in epidemiology?

In epidemiology, a vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which transmits infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another.

What are vectors give an example of vector for a disease?

List of vector-borne diseases, according to their vectorVectorDisease causedMosquitoAedesChikungunya Dengue Lymphatic filariasis Rift Valley fever Yellow Fever ZikaAnophelesLymphatic filariasis MalariaCulexJapanese encephalitis Lymphatic filariasis West Nile feverAquatic snailsSchistosomiasis (bilharziasis)7 more rows•Mar 2, 2020

What is a vector in immunology?

In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism; agents regarded as vectors are organisms, such as parasites or microbes.

What is vector in medical?

Vector: In medicine, a carrier of disease or of medication. For example, in malaria a mosquito is the vector that carries and transfers the infectious agent. In molecular biology, a vector may be a virus or a plasmid that carries a piece of foreign DNA to a host cell.

What is a vector in terms of a virus?

Viral vectors are tools designed to deliver genetic material into cells. Viruses have evolved to develop specialized mechanisms which transport their genomes inside the cells they infect.

What is vector in science definition?

Vectors are used in science to describe anything that has both a direction and a magnitude. They are usually drawn as pointed arrows, the length of which represents the vector's magnitude.Nov 8, 2010

What is an example of a vector and the disease it spreads?

Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding anthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.

What is called vector give one example biology?

Traditionally in medicine, a vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another. Species of mosquito, for example, serve as vectors for the deadly disease Malaria.

What are vectors for a disease Class 9?

Vectors are the organisms, which carries the infectious agents from sick person to another healthy person. For example, mosquito carries malarial parasite from infected person to healthy person.

What are vectors give Example Class 9?

In biology, a Vector is something that acts as a carrier that carries pathogens and other viruses from one place to another. Example: Mosquito, Housefly.Jan 9, 2019

1. How do you reduce the chances of contracting an infection?

You can prevent yourself from catching any infection by following some simple measures listed below.Taking all vaccinations as they are one of the...

2. What Are The Most Common Infectious Disease Symptoms?

The effects of infectious diseases depend on the location and form of the body-affected pathogen. Viruses are engineered to invade different cells....

3. What are 10 examples of infectious diseases?

Examples of infectious diseases are E.coli., common cold, chickenpox, HIV AIDS, influenza(flu), diphtheria, giardiasis, infectious mononucleosis, m...

4. What are the causes of communicable diseases?

Communicable diseases spread from one person to another generally through contact with blood products insect bites contaminated surfaces contaminat...

5. What are the four types of diseases with examples?

Definition of infectious diseases, their types and causes have been explained in the above lines. There are other types of diseases also like defic...

6. How are infectious diseases treated?

Treatment depends on the kind of microorganism that has caused the infection. Diseases caused by bacteria can be treated by antibiotics that end th...

7. Where can I find concept pages for the Main syllabus topics?

Concept pages for your syllabus topic can easily be availed by visiting the official website of Vedantu. Vedantu provides a number of learning mate...

What is infectious disease?

Infectious diseases are the diseases of microbial pathogens, namely viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. These may be transmittable or non-communicable. They may be spread by plants, humans, or insects. The agents who spread the pathogens or pass them on are called vectors or intermediaries of the disease.

What is the difference between infectious and non-infectious diseases?

Infectious or non-infectious diseases, both, can cause illness. In general, non-infectious causes may be internal factors, genetic irregularities, and lifestyle, while infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, which are the agents causing the infection.

How are infectious diseases transmitted?

Infectious diseases are transmitted through the following means, such as: 1 Air: Whenever an infected person sneezes or coughs, the droplets actually contain disease-causing pathogens. For example, chickenpox and measles may spread in the air and may infect others nearby. 2 Bodily Fluids: Pass the pathogens to a safe individual by contacting an infectious individual or their bodily fluids such as spit, vomit, sweat, urine, etc. 3 Surface Transmission: Touching an infected individual's previously contacted objects or areas can cause the pathogen to transfer the infection to an unaffected person and cause illness. 4 Sexual Transmission: Diseases like Syphilis and AIDS are sexually transmitted diseases.

What are the different types of infectious diseases?

Types of Infectious Diseases. Infectious diseases can be classified on the basis of the causative pathogen. The main types are enlisted and described below. Viral Infection. Viruses are the primary cause of viral infections like the common cold, influenza, and so on.

What are the conditions that bacteria live in?

Bacterial Infection. Bacteria can live in extreme environments from extreme heat to extreme cold, and even radioactive waste in any environment. Innumerable bacterial strains are present on Earth, some of which cause disease. Bad bacteria cause infection, and good bacteria kill bad bacteria and avoid disease. ...

What are the diseases that are caused by bacteria?

Some of the bacterial diseases that are infectious are cholera, tuberculosis, diphtheria, typhoid. These diseases are usually treated with the help of antibiotics. Fungal Infection. A fungus breaks down (using an enzyme) and consumes organic material.

What is a prion?

Prion Infection. A prion has no genetic material and is a protein. In case the prion is abnormally folded, it impacts the brain system, which triggers dangerous diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Illness. Such diseases spread very quickly and are particularly deadly.

How do public health laws help control infectious diseases?

Firstly, law has a proactive or preventive role: improving access to vaccinations and contraceptives, together with screening, education, counselling and other strategies that aim to minimize exposure to disease. Secondly, law has a reactive role: supporting access to treatment, and authorizing health departments and health care providers to limit contact with infectious individuals and to exercise emergency powers in response to disease outbreaks. Because infectious disease control and prevention laws may involve interference with freedom of movement, the right to control one’s health and body, and with privacy and property rights, public health laws should embody a decision-making process that balances these personal rights with the public’s health in an ethical and transparent way. Table 10.1 identifies a set of ethical principles that are relevant and sets out what they mean in terms of the exercise of coercive power over individuals, within a legal framework for control of infectious diseases.4

What is the role of criminal law in HIV prevention?

The appropriate role of criminal law in national efforts to prevent transmission of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections is often controversial. Public health laws often contain penalties for failing to comply with public health orders made by authorities, or for engaging in behaviours that place public health at risk. However, policy-makers should not ignore the potential for unintended consequences arising from laws that create criminal offences for recklessly exposing another person to HIV, or for failing to disclose one’s HIV status to a sexual partner (mandatory disclosure laws).22

Why is screening important for public health?

Screening individuals to determine if they have been infected with or exposed to an infectious disease is a core public health strategy. Screening enables health care providers to begin treatment in a timely manner, to manage co-morbidities more effectively, to encourage patients to reduce high-risk behaviour and, in certain cases, to identify the need for compulsory treatment. In addition to reducing the severity of illness, early treatment may also reduce transmission rates. For example, early treatment with antiretroviral drugs lowers the viral load of people with HIV and significantly reduces the risk of sexual transmission.10 WHO supports the expansion of HIV testing and counselling in order to identify people with HIV early on in their infection and to “link them successfully to prevention, care, and treatment services”.11

What is the function of public health law?

Minimizing the transmission of infectious diseases is a core function of public health law. The appropriate exercise of legal powers will vary according to the seriousness of the disease, the means of transmission, and how easily the disease is transmitted.

What is a temporary quarantine?

temporarily isolate or quarantine an individual or groups of individuals through a written directive if delay in imposing the isolation or quarantine would significantly jeopardize the agency’s ability to prevent or limit the transmission of a contagious or possibly contagious disease to others.

Is consent required for medical treatment?

Although the right to consent to medical treatment is a fundamental individual human right, there are circumstances in which public health authorities may be justified in ordering the compulsory diagnosis and treatment of individuals. Public health laws should authorize compulsory treatment orders only in circumstances where the person in question is unable or unwilling to consent to a diagnostic procedure or treatment, and where their behaviour creates a significant risk of transmission of a serious disease. For example, South Africa’s National Health Act states that a health service may not be provided to a user without the user's informed consent, unless “failure to treat the user, or group of people which includes the user, will result in a serious risk to public health”.30

What is the difference between infectious and non-infectious diseases?

Diseases are disorders that affect either a part of, or the entire body by impeding bodily functions. Diseases can be caused due to infectious or non-infectious causes. Non-infectious causes are generally due to internal factors, genetic irregularities, while infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms which are the infection causing agents.

What are the symptoms of infectious diseases?

Viruses target specific cells. E.g., the rabies virus affects the nervous system. Some viruses cause warts, runny nose, muscle ache, etc.

How do diseases spread?

The infectious diseases are spread in the following ways: 1 When an infected person sneezes or coughs, the droplets containing the pathogen of diseases such as influenza, common cold, etc. might spread in the air and infect others in the vicinity. 2 Touching an infected person, or their body fluids such as saliva, blood, sweat, urine, etc. transfer the infections to a healthy person, e.g. chickenpox, measles, etc. 3 Touching the objects or areas touched by an infected person can transfer the infection to a non-infected person and cause diseases.

How do infectious diseases spread?

The infectious diseases are spread in the following ways: When an infected person sneezes or coughs, the droplets containing the pathogen of diseases such as influenza, common cold, etc. might spread in the air and infect others in the vicinity.

What are the diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms?

Infectious diseases are the diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms such as virus, bacteria, protozoan, fungi, and other parasites. These infectious disease s can be transmitted by animals, humans, insects or other agents. Infectious agents are present all around us, and they come in different shapes and sizes.

What is prion disease?

Prion Diseases. Prion is a protein without a genetic material. If the prion is folded abnormally, it affects the structure of the normal proteins and causes deadly diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Such diseases spread rapidly and are usually fatal.

What causes amoebic dysentery?

Amoebic dysentery is caused by protozoa. Helminths include flatworms and roundworms that cause infections in humans. Ectoparasites such as mites, lice, ticks, etc. attach to the skin and cause infections. Also Read: Human Diseases.

How do infectious diseases spread?

Major ways include: direct contact with an infected person, animal, or their discharges. direct contact with a contaminated object. contaminated food and water. disease-carrying insects.

What does it mean to be infected?

And to infect means “to affect or contaminate someone or something with disease-producing germs.”. So, with infectious diseases, it’s all about spreading germs. Let’s get even more technical.

Why is washing your hands important?

That’s why we are staying at home and social-distancing the best we can! It’s also why washing your hands is so important—not only for COVID-19, but for other contagious and infectious diseases, as well as for your general health and hygiene.

What does "communicate" mean in medical terms?

But in medical and scientific contexts, communicate can mean “to give to another, impart, transmit,” as a disease . Communicable diseases are also referred to as transmissible.

Why is it important to call out a disease?

In some instances, especially in public health emergencies, it’s important we call out that a disease isn’t just infectious, but that it is contagious. Calling a disease contagious highlights the fact that it is very easily spread by being around people and public places —in our very normal life circumstances. This can help influence and guide behaviors to help prevent ourselves and others from getting infected, whether it’s getting a yearly flu shot or practicing social distancing.

What does "infectious" mean?

To drill down, it helps to begin with the term infectious. Infectious means “communicable by or causing infection. ”. Hey, we don’t want to take any terms for granted here, so let’s break this down some more. Infection refers to “the process or state of being infected with a disease.”.

How are STDs transmitted?

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)—also called venereal diseases —are transmitted through sexual contact. Blood and other body fluids are often the vehicle through which STDs spread. A note on the word vector , which often comes up in the context of infectious diseases.