in flying the rectangular course when would the aircraft be turned less than 90°

To compensate for the crosswind, the pilot must angle into the wind, toward the outside of the rectangular course, which requires the turn to be less than 90°. The final turn is back to the downwind leg, which requires a medium-banked angle and a turn greater than 90°.

Full Answer

What is a rectangular course in aviation?

The rectangular course is a training maneuver in which the airplane maintains an equal distance from all sides of the selected rectangular references. The maneuver is accomplished to replicate the airport traffic pattern that an airplane typically maneuvers while landing.

What determines the direction of an airplane's roll?

The direction of roll depends on whether the airplane is slipping, skidding, or in coordinated flight. Proper execution of S-turns across a road requires that the aircraft be crabbed into the wind the greatest amounts at which points?

What are the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft?

Select the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft. A. Aircraft power, pitch, bank, and trim. B. Starting, taxiing, takeoff, and landing.

How far away from the ground should the airplane be?

The airplane should be flown parallel to and at an equal distance between one-half to three-fourths of a mile away from the field boundaries or selected ground references. The flightpath should be positioned outside the field boundaries or selected ground references so that the references may be easily observed from either pilot seat.

When would the aircraft be turned less than 90?

As the turn nears completion, the bank angle is reduced with coordinated aileron and rudder pressures. To compensate for the crosswind, the pilot must angle into the wind, toward the outside of the rectangular course, which requires the turn to be less than 90°.

How do you fly a rectangular course?

5:248:23Rectangular Course - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipPosition the airplane so that you enter the mover on a 45 degree angle to the center of yourMorePosition the airplane so that you enter the mover on a 45 degree angle to the center of your downwind leg.

Why does the turn from downwind to base require more than 90 degree turn?

Point the nose into the wind, or crab, to make sure the airplane isn't pushed into or away from the field. Because of this, turns from the upwind to the crosswind will be less than 90 degrees, while those from the downwind to the base leg are more than 90 degrees.

Can a plane fly at 90 degrees?

Yes it is very possible. Even a super decathlon can maintain level flight at 90 degrees. All you do is put it on it's side and have the nose high relative to the tail.

What should occur at the 90 point of a lazy eight?

Airspeed indicator and altimeter. What should occur at the 90° point of a lazy eight? Steepest bank, minimum airspeed, maximum altitude, and level pitch attitude.

In what flight condition must an aircraft be in order to spin?

In order to enter a spin, an airplane must always first be stalled. Thereafter, the spin is caused when one wing is less stalled than the other wing. In a spin to the left, the right wing is less stalled than the left wing.

When should I turn my base leg?

Base Leg. When you're approximately 45-degrees from the touchdown point, it's time to make your base leg turn. You do it by entering a medium-banked turn until you're flying a perpendicular track to the runway.

When flying the crosswind leg of a rectangular course the airplane must be?

To compensate for the crosswind, the pilot must angle into the wind, toward the outside of the rectangular course, which requires the turn to be less than 90°. The final turn is back to the downwind leg, which requires a medium-banked angle and a turn greater than 90°.

What does turning base mean?

Turn base is used when you are on downwind (parallel to the runway, going to the other direction), and that means you must turn so that you are at 90 degrees towards the runway.

How many degrees can a plane turn?

30 degreesPassenger jets typically don't bank more than 30 degrees on a turn. They're capable of more but the steeper the turn, the more thrust needed to keep the plane from losing altitude. Turns at angles more than 30 degrees would cause more g-forces which wouldn't help airsickness or nervous fliers.

At what angle do airplanes take off?

A bit of quick math and using the same Boeing 747 as an example, the average passenger plane has a maximum take off angle of about 10-15 degrees. That's well within the plane's tolerances of course.

What is steep turn in aircraft?

For the purposes of the pre-flight briefing, a steep turn is defined as a turn of more than 30 degrees angle of bank. Common practice is to teach the exercise using a 45-degree angle of bank. Good training practice means higher angles of bank, up to 60 degrees, should also be experienced.

What is rectangular course?

The rectangular course is a training maneuver in which the airplane maintains an equal distance from all sides of the selected rectangular references. The maneuver is accomplished to replicate the airport traffic pattern that an airplane typically maneuvers while landing. While performing the rectangular course maneuver, the pilot should maintain a constant altitude, airspeed, and distance from the ground references. The maneuver assists the pilot in practicing the following: 1 Maintaining a specific relationship between the airplane and the ground. 2 Dividing attention between the flightpath, groundbased references, manipulating the flight controls, and scanning for outside hazards and instrument indications. 3 Adjusting the bank angle during turns to correct for groundspeed changes in order to maintain constant radius turns. 4 Rolling out from a turn with the required wind correction angle to compensate for any drift cause by the wind. 5 Establishing and correcting the wind correction angle in order to maintain the track over the ground. 6 Preparing the pilot for the airport traffic pattern and subsequent landing pattern practice.

What should the pilot do when the airplane turns into a steep bank?

The pilot should roll the airplane into a steep bank with rapid, but not excessive, coordinated aileron and rudder pressures. As the airplane turns onto the following base leg, the tailwind lessens and becomes a crosswind; the bank angle is reduced gradually with coordinated aileron and rudder pressures.

What is the next leg of an airplane?

The next leg is where the airplane turns from a base leg position to the upwind leg . Ideally, the wind is directly on the nose of the airplane resulting in a direct headwind and decreased groundspeed; however, a real-world situation results in some drift correction.

What are the basic principles of ground reference maneuvers?

Ground reference maneuvers are the principle flight maneuvers that combine the four fundamentals (straight-and-level, turns, climbs, and descents) into a set of integrated skills that the pilot uses in their everyday flight activity. A pilot must develop the skills necessary to accurately control, through the effect and use of the flight controls, the flightpath of the airplane in relationship to the ground. From every takeoff to every landing, a pilot exercises these skills in controlling the airplane.

How to compensate for crosswind?

To compensate for the crosswind, the pilot must angle into the wind, toward the outside of the rectangular course, which requires the turn to be less than 90°. The final turn is back to the downwind leg, which requires a medium-banked angle and a turn greater than 90°.

Where should the flightpath be positioned?

The flightpath should be positioned outside the field boundaries or selected ground references so that the references may be easily observed from either pilot seat. It is not practicable to fly directly above the field boundaries or selected ground references.

Should a pilot avoid flying close to the references?

The pilot should avoid flying close to the references, as this will require the pilot to turn using very steep bank angles, thereby increasing aerodynamic load factor and the airplane’s stall speed, especially in the downwind to crosswind turn. The entry into the maneuver should be accomplished downwind.