What are the basic concepts of classical conditioning?
Classical Conditioning Basics. Although classical conditioning was not discovered by a psychologist at all, it had a tremendous influence over the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism. Behaviorism is based on the assumption that: All learning occurs through interactions with the environment.
Who discovered classical conditioning?
Brooke Miller, Ph.D., instructor of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin, details Pavlov's discovery and the process of classical conditioning.
What happens during the acquisition phase of classical conditioning?
During the acquisition phase of classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus. As you may recall, an unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning.
What is an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response. In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
What is paired with the US to produce learning?
In classical conditioning, the initial pairing of the CS and US, when one links an initially neutral stimulus (NS) and an unconditioned stimulus so that the previously neutral stimulus(now called the CS) begins triggering the conditioned response.
What occurs classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behaviour. After the association is learned, the previously neutral stimulus is sufficient to produce the behaviour.
How is classical conditioning used today?
Classical conditioning may be used in mental health applications because it can be useful to help treat and understand the development of certain disorders. Certain therapies are used to help counter-condition some people with various mental health disorders. They include exposure and aversion therapy.
What is a conditioned stimulus quizlet?
Conditioned stimulus. A stimulus that causes a response that is learned. Conditioned response. A learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral. Extinction.
What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?
In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus must be paired with a neutral stimulus in order to create an association between the neutral...
What is classical conditioning quizlet?
Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
How conditioning helps in the learning process?
Conditioning is a form of learning in which either (1) a given stimulus (or signal) becomes increasingly effective in evoking a response or (2) a response occurs with increasing regularity in a well-specified and stable environment. The type of reinforcement used will determine the outcome.
What is an example of classical conditioning in the classroom?
Conditioning in the Classroom: 4 Examples Perhaps students have music class before lunch every day. Halfway through music class, their stomachs may begin to rumble, similar to the salivation of the dogs in Pavlov's experiment. The children may actually start to associate music class with hunger.
What is an example of classical learning?
The most famous example of classical conditioning was Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs, who salivated in response to a bell tone. Pavlov showed that when a bell was sounded each time the dog was fed, the dog learned to associate the sound with the presentation of the food.
When a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus?
Phase 2: During Conditioning During the second phase of the classical conditioning process, the previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus. As a result of this pairing, an association between the previously neutral stimulus and the UCS is formed.
What is the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation. It is important to note that the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.
What is the unconditioned stimulus us?
a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response, as in withdrawal from a hot radiator, contraction of the pupil on exposure to light, or salivation when food is in the mouth. Also called unconditional stimulus.
When do conditioned responses end?
They may end after no longer being paired with the unconditioned stimuli (extinction) but return through spontaneous recovery.
What happens when you have an unconditioned stimulus?
Once an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus has been acquired , that learning will inhibit the formation of new associations. A person who has linked blue lights with loud sounds would have more difficulty learning an association between a red light and that sound. A person with no prior conditioning history would learn the new association easily.
What is the opponent process theory of addiction?
Opponent Process Theory of Addiction. Classical conditioning underlies drug tolerance, overdose, and relapse. Compulsive use of a substance despite harmful consequences is called addiction. According to the opponent process theory of drug addiction, classical conditioning influences drug tolerance and relapse.
What is the power of a neutral stimulus?
In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response, and then the neutral stimulus acquires the power to elicit the response on its own.
Classical Conditioning Definitions
Classical conditioning—also sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning—uses a few different terms to help explain the learning process. Knowing these basics will help you understand classical conditioning.
How Classical Conditioning Works
- Classical conditioning involves forming an association between two stimuli, resulting in a learned response.4There are three basic phases of this process.
Classical Conditioning Examples
- It can be helpful to look at a few examples of how the classical conditioning process operates both in experimental and real-world settings.
A Word from Verywell
- In reality, people do not respond exactly like Pavlov's dogs. There are, however, numerous real-world applications for classical conditioning. For example, many dog trainers use classical conditioning techniques to help people train their pets. These techniques are also useful for helping people cope with phobias or anxiety problems. Therapists might, for example, repeatedl…
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