Be interactive, evidence-based, accurate and available in a variety of languages and formats (e.g. written, oral, pictorial, instructive, and group counseling approaches); it should address varying levels of health literacy and be accessible for people with aphasia and cognitive deficits or impairments [Evidence Level A].
Full Answer
Learning Objectivesexaplain what a stroke is.outline the causes and risk factors for strokes.distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.summarize treatment options for strokes.list essential steps for dealing with a stroke.
Lack of exercise and physical inactivity increases the risk for stroke. Gradually build up to 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking or bicycling, at least five days a week.
Currently, the stroke chain of survival for the management of acute stroke comprises the following 8 steps (the "8Ds"): detection (D1), dispatch (D2), delivery (D3), door (D4), data (D5), decision (D6), drug/device (D7), and disposition (D8).
0 = no stroke. 1–4 = minor stroke. 5–15 = moderate stroke. 15–20 = moderate/severe stroke.
Background and Purpose—Stroke education, 1 of 8 endorsed stroke performance measures, consists of 5 specific subcomponents: risk factors, stroke warning signs, emergency medical service activation, physician follow-up, and discharge medications.
An IV injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) — also called alteplase (Activase) or tenecteplase (TNKase) — is the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke. An injection of TPA is usually given through a vein in the arm within the first three hours.
Introduction. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is the most widely used deficit rating scale in modern neurology: over 500 000 healthcare professionals have been certified to administer it using a web-based platform.
The time since onset of symptoms should also be noted and is referred to as “time zero,” or the last time the patient was seen to be normal. Emergency medical workers need to provide pre-arrival information to the receiving facility so that the ED can prepare for the arrival of a potential stroke patient.
The overall goal of stroke care is to minimize brain injury and optimize the individual's recovery. Preferential transport to stroke-capable centers has been shown to improve outcomes.
As a general rule, a score over 16 predicts a strong probability of patient death, while a score of 6 or lower indicates a strong possibility for a good recovery. Each 1-point increase on the scale lowers the possibility of a positive outcome for the patient by 17 percent.
What Are the Types of Strokes?Ischemic Stroke.Hemorrhagic Stroke.Transient Ischemic Attack (Mini-Stroke)Brain Stem Stroke.Cryptogenic Stroke (stroke of unknown cause)
Mild strokes are usually quick, occurring when there is a brief blockage of blood flow to the brain. Mild stroke symptoms are similar to those of a regular stroke but last for only a few minutes up to 24 hours. People who experience a mild stroke shouldn't ignore the symptoms and need to seek immediate medical help.
Nursing care has a significant impact on the patient's recovery. In summary, here are some nursing interventions for patients with stroke: Positioning. Position to prevent contractures, relieve pressure, attain good body alignment, and prevent compressive neuropathies.
Managing blood pressure levels, reducing or quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and regular physical activity will reduce the risk of a second stroke, along with managing conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol.
Nearly 800,000 people in the United States suffer from a stroke each year, with about three in four being first-time strokes. Strokes are also the leading cause of long-term disability and the leading preventable cause of disability.
The following websites include patient-friendly links and resources about stroke:American Stroke Association (ASA): About Stroke. ASA Resources in Spanish: Recursos en Español.National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Stroke.National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): Stroke Information Page.
“ Know the Facts About Stroke ” also describes the risks, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke.
However, people in certain groups are more likely to have a stroke. The “Stroke and You” series highlights the prevention challenges these groups face and what CDC is doing to address them.
Cardiac arrest is sudden, unexpected and can happen anywhere, to anyone.
Simply put, you are motivated to teach and you have a track record of delivering engaging learning. You are committed to excellence so that students learn the skills and get them right You are organized and detailed so that students get the information they need when they need it.
Do you have a passion for teaching? Are you committed to saving lives?
one-stop-shop: our instructors can become certified to teach courses in a range of disciplines
Stroke Free Content bundle provides limited access to the comprehensive stroke curriculum including online courses and resources at no cost to the learner. Our stroke curriculum will help healthcare providers maintain competency and learn the latest science to improve care and outcomes for stroke patients.
Stroke Free Content bundle provides limited access to the comprehensive stroke curriculum including online courses and resources at no cost to the learner. Our stroke curriculum will help healthcare providers maintain competency and learn the latest science to improve care and outcomes for stroke patients.
The primary pathologies underlying stroke are heart or blood vessel diseases, and the secondary manifestations in the brain are the result of one or more of these underlying diseases or risk factors.
When a potential stroke patient enters any ED, staff must begin a protocol that can lead directly to the administration of a thrombolytic drug at the present hospital or at a stroke center. The main goals are rapid access to thrombolysis for ischemic stroke patients and stabilization and rapid admission to a stroke unit for all stroke patients.
Intubation and mechanical ventilation of patients with ischemic stroke is usually done in cases of pulmonary edema or for inability to protect the airway because of a decreased level of consciousness from effects of the stroke or seizure, partial airway obstruction, hypoventilation, or aspiration pneumonia.
The effects of a stroke depend on several factors, including the location of the obstruction or hemorrhage and how much brain tissue has been affected.
Stroke patients are at risk for skin breakdown as a result of the inability to feel or move extremities, incontinence, inability to communicate needs, pain, discomfort, and decreased nutritional status. Nursing interventions include:
Each year about 140,000 Americans die from a stroke (1 of every 20 deaths). When considered separately from other cardiovascular diseases, stroke ranks fifth among all causes of death in the United States. In the United States, someone has a stroke every 40 seconds, and someone dies of stroke every 4 minutes.
An eight-state region in the southeastern United States is known as the “stroke belt.” It has been so designated because of disproportionately high stroke mortality rates, present since at least 1940, despite overall recent decreases in stroke mortality. These states include:
This course aims to provide students with a specialist knowledge of the theory and research underpinning current inter-professional practice in stroke care. Specifically, students will explore: 1 Public health and stroke, including best practice in primary stroke prevention 2 Stroke-related anatomy and physiology 3 Stroke symptomology and epidemiology 4 Approaches to the diagnosis of stroke 5 Evidence-based practice in relation to stroke assessment, acute care, rehabilitation, long-term support, and end of life care 6 The social and psychological context of stroke 7 Issues around the rehabilitation of stroke patients
Public health and stroke, including best practice in primary stroke prevention. Stroke-related anatomy and physiology. Stroke symptomology and epidemiology. Approaches to the diagnosis of stroke. Evidence-based practice in relation to stroke assessment, acute care, rehabilitation, long-term support, and end of life care.
All methods are based on normal movement. Standing Safely: The second part of this course demonstrates how to help stroke survivors, needing moderate assistance or maximum assistance, stand safely and efficiently.
Also included are tips for working with fearful patients and solutions for common problems seen with stroke survivors.
Extensor tone, weakness, fear and sensory loss are all factors which can make it difficult for stroke survivors to sit down safely. Many patients ‘plop’ of fall back into their chair. In this chapter learn how to teach your patient to sit down safely and symmetrically in their chair.
Satisfactory completion requirements: All disciplines must complete learning assessments to be awarded credit, no minimum score required unless otherwise specified within the course.
Often stroke survivors slide out of their chair and need repositioning. This chapter demonstrates methods to reposition patients in the chair (or wheelchair) safely and efficiently with maximum or moderate assistance. Learn how to protect their shoulder and your back with step-by-step videos and practice labs.