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MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (8 th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
Nov 17, 2019 · Proper Punctuation – Quotes. If you start by telling who said it, use a comma and then the first quotation mark. If you put the quote first and then tell who said it, use a comma at the end of the sentence, and then the second quotation mark. Punctuation always goes inside the quotation marks if it is a direct quote.
When there are two authors, note that even though both names are used to cite the source, it is still one source and should have a singular verb when used in a signal phrase: Sampson and Bernini says, not say. (The source - it - says.) More than two people named as authors. Alvarez et al. (et al. is the Latin abbreviation for and others.). When ...
Nov 02, 2018 · For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. You should generally use quotation marks if you repeat a quotation from the same source, but you may omit quotation marks when referring back to a concept or method (e.g., distant reading) mentioned in the source: Moretti takes issue with this tendency to regard literature at any level as “a world” …
Multiple works by the same author When you have two citations for the same author in one sentence, usually quotes from two different pages, you can combine them in one citation at the end of the sentence like this: (Ibsen 1700, 1704).Feb 4, 2022
You can alternate this with putting the in-text cite in parentheses at the end of other sentences or the paragraph. Try to make it clear in each following sentence if it is still coming from the same source, using phrases like "According to", "They also state...", "That article concludes...".Jan 11, 2022
In the Works Cited (Per the MLA Handbook (8th edition), p. 113: To cite two or more works by the same author, give the name in the first entry only. Thereafter, in place of the name, type three hyphens, followed by a period and the title.Mar 4, 2022
If you cite a passage of dialogue of four lines or more, follow the rule for offset quotation, but remember to use double quotation marks at the beginning and end of the spoken portion to indicate that a character is speaking.
No. The citation should appear only after the final sentence of the paraphrase. If, however, it will be unclear to your reader where your source's idea begins, include the author of the source in your prose rather than in a parenthetical citation.Apr 12, 2018
A longer quotation might span multiple sentences. Use four ellipsis points (rather than three) to indicate any omission between two sentences.May 27, 2015
Multiple Works To cite two or more works by the same author(s), give the author name(s) in the first entry only. In the entries for subsequent works, in place of the author name(s), type three hyphens (---) followed by a period, and then the title and the rest of the citation as per the rules in this section.Oct 29, 2021
In MLA Style, if a source has two authors, name both authors in your in-text citation and Works Cited entry. If there are three or more authors, name only the first author, followed by et al. Moore, Jason W. Moore, Jason W., and Raj Patel.
Lecture Notes (taken by a student or otherwise not public) Instructor's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Lecture." Name of Course, Date lecture occurred, University/College.
'” When multiple quotation marks are used for quotations within quotations, keep the quotation marks together (put periods and commas inside both; put semi-colons, colons, etc., outside both).Aug 11, 2011
If you can't access the original source, then create a full citation for your indirect source in the Works Cited list. Then, for the in-text or parenthetical citation, use this format: (qtd. in [last name of author of your indirect source] [page number of quotation]).Aug 24, 2021
The MLA citation for a personal interview should follow this format:Last name of person interviewed, First name. Interview. Conducted by Interviewer Name. Date of interview.Example: Mars, Bruno. Interview. Conducted by Julie Chapman. 10 May 2020.
Quoting Directly When you quote directly from a source, enclose the quoted section in quotation marks. Add an in-text citation at the end of the quote with the author name and page number, like this: “Here’s a direct quote” (Smith 8). “Here’s a direct quote” (“Trouble” 22).
A short quotation contains no more than four lines of quoted material. Normal MLA formatting should be used when incorporating a short quotation into your work.
Do commas and periods go inside or outside quotation marks? Commas and periods always go inside the quotation marks in American English; dashes, colons, and semicolons almost always go outside the quotation marks; question marks and exclamation marks sometimes go inside, sometimes stay outside.
This would traditionally be with the title and then the date of publication (Title of Book, year of publication). As you are writing your paper you may want in the middle of a sentence to “directly cite something that is very important” (Author, publication year, p. page number of quote) to the meaning of your paper.
A reference or citation can be positioned at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence. Following are the examples for both APA 7th and APA 6th referencing style. When multiple studies support what you have to say, you can also include mid-sentence in-text citations.
APA in-text citation style uses the author’s last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14).
In-text references provide a means for you to give credit when using others’ words, facts, or ideas. Place the parenthetical reference where a natural pause would occur, as near as possible to the material documented. In-text citations are typically placed at the end of a quote, sentence, or paragraph.
Sometimes, other people are quoted in your source. This is called an indirect quotation. When we use a quote that is quoted in the source, use the abbreviation qtd. in to let the reader know which source the quote you are quoting comes from. Say, for example, Jones wrote the article you found, but she quotes Herman Smith, and you want to use what Herman Smith says.
Without a sentence quote, the words Anderson says (and other signal phrases wording) are just part of the sentence. Anderson says that the interest in tattoos in the West has never been so popular. See how there is no comma and no capital.
Partial sentence quotes; distinguishing a signal phrase. Sometimes a sentence includes words that identify the source or quoted words, but the quote is not a complete sentence. This is a partial sentence quote, and the words that identify the source are not considered a signal phrase to be separated by a comma.
Even though you may omit something from the beginning of a sentence you quote from, the general rule is not to use an ellipsis at the beginning of a quote. They are generally used in the middle of a quote to take out unnecessary words in a sentence or between sentences which are being quoted. You may use an ellipsis at the end of a quote if you don’t complete a sentence.
The title of a source in a dictionary, encyclopedia, or other reference book is the word you are looking up. For example, if you are looking up the word sunspots, the title of the article is “sunspots” or “Sunspots,” however it is written in the source. Here is an example of how to use the title to cite the source:
Alvarez et al. (et al. is the Latin abbreviation for and others .). When more than two, individual names many not be listed even in the Works Cited. There is no longer a choice to list all the authors.
Use of the words qtd. in only applies when someone else is quoted in the source. If there is no person named as author, use the title of the article or page to refer to the source.
For example, “John Smith states the information was factually based and the conclusion could be proven with research. He states:” The quote is too long to be included in the introductory statement as with a short quote. The quote should be preceded with a colon.
Each line of the quote should be indented. You won’t need to use quotation marks because the quote is indented. The quote should be followed up with the appropriate punctuation and parentheses that include the name of the author and location of the quote in their work.
An MLA in-text citation includes only the author’s last name and a page number. As in APA, it can be parenthetical or narrative, and a period (or other punctuation mark) appears after the citation.
If you quote more than a few lines from a source, you must format it as a block quote. Instead of using quotation marks, you set the quote on a new line and indent it so that it forms a separate block of text.
To cite a direct quote in APA, you must include the author’s last name, the year, and a page number, all separated by commas. If the quote appears on a single page, use “p.”; if it spans a page range, use “pp.”
Quoting means copying a passage of someone else’s words and crediting the source. To quote a source, you must ensure: The quoted text is enclosed in quotation marks or formatted as a block quote. The original author is correctly cited. The text is identical to the original.
The rules for when to apply block quote formatting depend on the citation style: APA block quotes are 40 words or longer. MLA block quotes are more than 4 lines of prose or 3 lines of poetry. Chicago block quotes are longer than 100 words.
In a parenthetical citation, you place all the information in parentheses after the quote. In a narrative citation, you name the author in your sentence (followed by the year), and place the page number after the quote.
Quotes longer than 100 words. Block quoting is most common in literary analysis, where detailed analysis of the original text requires you to quote at length. Block quotes are cited the same as regular quotes, except that if the quote ends with a period, the citation appears after the period.
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number (s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page.
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (8 th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers. However, these sorts of entries often do not require a page number in the parenthetical citation. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines: 1 Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name). 2 Do not provide paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function. 3 Unless you must list the Web site name in the signal phrase in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com, as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.
Citing multiple works by the same author. If you cite more than one work by an author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Put short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks.
For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your citation.
If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number (s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses.)
Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited within another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example: